Cracking the AP Physics B and C Exams, 2006-2007 Edition

by PRINCETON REVIEW

ISBN13: 9780375765407

ISBN10: 0375765409

Format: Trade Paper

Pub. Date: 2006-01-10

Publisher(s): Princeton Review

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Summary

The Princeton Review realizes that scoring high on the AP Physics B & C Exams is very different from earning straight A's in school. We don't try to teach you everything there is to know about physicsonly the strategies and information you'll need to get your highest score. InCracking the AP Physics B & C Exams, we'll teach you how to Use our preparation strategies and test-taking techniques to raise your score Focus on the topics most likely to appear on the test Test your knowledge with review questions for each physics topic covered This book includes 2 full-length practice tests, one each for Physics B and Physics C. All of our practice questions are just like those you'll see on the actual exam, and we explain how to answer every question.

Introduction	p. xv
Vectors	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Definition	p. 1
Vector Addition (Geometric)	p. 2
Scalar Multiplication	p. 3
Vector Subtraction (Geometric)	p. 3
Standard Basis Vectors	p. 4
Vector Operations Using Components	p. 5
Magnitude of a Vector	p. 6
Direction of a Vector	p. 6
[C] The Dot Product	p. 7
[C] The Cross Product	p. 9
Kinematics	p. 13
Introduction	p. 13
Displacement	p. 13
Speed and Velocity	p. 15
Acceleration	p. 16
Uniformly-Accelerated Motion and the Big Five	p. 17
Kinematics with Graphs	p. 19
A Note About Calculus	p. 22
Free Fall	p. 24
Projectile Motion	p. 26
A Note About Notation	p. 29
[C] Kinematics with Calculus	p. 29
Chapter 2 Review Questions	p. 31
Multiple Choice	p. 31
Free Response	p. 33
Newton's Laws	p. 35
Introduction	p. 35
The First Law	p. 36
The Second Law	p. 36
The Third Law	p. 36
Weight	p. 37
The Normal Force	p. 39
Friction	p. 40
Pulleys	p. 41
Inclined Planes	p. 44
Uniform Circular Motion	p. 46
Chapter 3 Review Questions	p. 49
Multiple Choice	p. 49
Free Response	p. 52
Work, Energy, and Power	p. 55
Introduction	p. 55
Work	p. 56
Work Done by a Variable Force	p. 59
Kinetic Energy	p. 60
The Work-Energy Theorem	p. 60
Potential Energy	p. 62
Conservation of Mechanical Energy	p. 63
[C] Potential Energy Curves	p. 66
Power	p. 67
Chapter 4 Review Questions	p. 69
Multiple Choice	p. 69
Free Response	p. 71
Linear Momentum	p. 75
Introduction	p. 75
Impulse	p. 76
Conservation of Linear Momentum	p. 78
Collisions	p. 79
[C] Center of Mass	p. 83
Chapter 5 Review Questions	p. 87
Multiple Choice	p. 87
Free Response	p. 89
Rotational Motion	p. 91
Introduction	p. 91
[C] Rotational Kinematics	p. 92
[C] The Big Five for Rotational Motion	p. 95
Rotational Dynamics	p. 96
Torque	p. 97
[C] Rotational Inertia	p. 101
[C] Kinetic Energy of Rotation	p. 108
[C] Work and Power	p. 109
[C] Angular Momentum	p. 112
[C] Conservation of Angular Momentum	p. 114
Equilibrium	p. 116
Chapter 6 Review Questions	p. 118
Multiple Choice	p. 118
Free Response	p. 120
Newton's Law of Gravitation	p. 123
Kepler's Laws	p. 123
Newton's Law of Gravitation	p. 124
The Gravitational Attraction Due to an Extended Body	p. 126
Gravitational Potential Energy	p. 131
[C] A Proof of Equation (*)	p. 132
[C] A Note on Elliptical Orbits	p. 134
Orbits of the Planets	p. 136
Chapter 7 Review Questions	p. 139
Multiple Choice	p. 139
Free Response	p. 141
Oscillations	p. 143
Introduction	p. 143
Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM): The Spring-Block Oscillator	p. 143
SHM in Terms of Energy	p. 146
The Kinematics of SHM	p. 149
The Spring-Block Oscillator: Vertical Motion	p. 153
[C] The Sinusoidal Description of SHM	p. 156
[C] Instantaneous Velocity and Acceleration	p. 157
Pendulums	p. 158
Chapter 8 Review Questions	p. 161
Multiple Choice	p. 161
Free Response	p. 163
Thermal Physics [B]	p. 167
Introduction	p. 167
Temperature Scales	p. 167
Physical Changes Due to Heat Transfer	p. 168
Heat Transfer and Temperature Change	p. 168
Heat Transfer and Phase Changes	p. 169
Heat Transfer and Thermal Expansion	p. 169
The Kinetic Theory of Gases	p. 170
The Ideal Gas Law	p. 171
The Laws of Thermodynamics	p. 173
The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics	p. 173
The First Law of Thermodynamics	p. 173
Calorimetry III: Heat Transfer and Temperature Change for Gases	p. 175
The Second Law of Thermodynamics	p. 182
The Carnot Cycle	p. 183
Chapter 9 Review Questions	p. 185
Multiple Choice	p. 185
Free Response	p. 187
Electric Forces and Fields	p. 189
Electric Charge	p. 189
Coulomb's Law	p. 190
Superposition	p. 191
The Electric Field	p. 194
Conductors and Insulators	p. 200
[C] Gauss's Law	p. 202
Chapter 10 Review Questions	p. 210
Multiple Choice	p. 210
Free Response	p. 212
Electric Potential and Capacitance	p. 217
Introduction	p. 217
Electrical Potential Energy	p. 218
Electric Potential	p. 223
The Potential in a Uniform Field	p. 225
[C] The Potential of a Sphere	p. 227
[C] The Potential of a Cylinder	p. 231
[C] Deriving the Field from the Potential	p. 232
Capacitance	p. 233
[C] Capacitors of Other Geometries	p. 234
Combinations of Capacitors	p. 236
The Energy Stored in a Capacitor	p. 238
[C] Dielectrics	p. 239
Chapter 11 Review Questions	p. 241
Multiple Choice	p. 241
Free Response	p. 243
Direct Current Circuits	p. 247
Introduction	p. 247
Electric Current	p. 248
Resistance	p. 249
Resistivity	p. 249
Electric Circuits	p. 250
Energy and Power	p. 250
Circuit Analysis	p. 251
Combinations of Resistors	p. 251
Kirchhoff's Rules	p. 259
Resistance-Capacitance (RC) Circuits	p. 263
[C] Charging or Discharging a Capacitor in an RC Circuit	p. 265
Charging a Capacitor	p. 265
Discharging a Capacitor	p. 266
Chapter 12 Review Questions	p. 268
Multiple Choice	p. 268
Free Response	p. 270
Magnetic Forces and Fields	p. 273
Introduction	p. 273
The Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge	p. 274
The Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Wire	p. 277
Magnetic Fields Created by Current-Carrying Wires	p. 280
[C] The Magnetic Field of a Solenoid	p. 283
[C] The Biot-Savart Law	p. 283
[C] Ampere's Law	p. 285
Chapter 13 Review Questions	p. 291
Multiple Choice	p. 291
Free Response	p. 293
Electromagnetic Induction	p. 297
Introduction	p. 297
Motional EMF	p. 298
Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction	p. 300
Magnetic Flux	p. 300
[C] Induced Electric Fields	p. 309
[C] Inductance	p. 311
RL Circuits	p. 312
LC Circuits	p. 313
[C] Maxwell's Equations	p. 315
Chapter 14 Review Questions	p. 317
Multiple Choice	p. 317
Free Response	p. 320
Waves [B]	p. 323
Introduction	p. 323
Transverse Traveling Waves	p. 324
Wave Speed on a Stretched String	p. 326
The Mathematical Description of a Traveling Wave	p. 327
Superposition of Waves	p. 329
Standing Waves	p. 330
Sound Waves	p. 333
Sound Level	p. 335
Beats	p. 335
Resonance for Sound Waves	p. 336
The Doppler Effect	p. 338
The Doppler Effect for Light	p. 342
Chapter 15 Review Questions	p. 343
Multiple Choice	p. 343
Free Response	p. 345
Optics [B]	p. 347
Introduction	p. 347
The Electromagnetic Spectrum	p. 348
Interference and Diffraction	p. 349
Young's Double-Slit Interference Experiment	p. 349
Single-Aperture Diffraction	p. 353
Reflection and Refraction	p. 353
Dispersion of Light	p. 356
Total Internal Reflection	p. 357
Mirrors	p. 360
Plane Mirrors	p. 360
Spherical Mirrors	p. 360
Ray Tracing for Mirrors	p. 362
Using Equations to Answer Questions About the Image	p. 365
Thin Lenses	p. 368
Ray Tracing for Lenses	p. 369
Using Equations to Answer Questions About the Image	p. 372
Chapter 16 Review Questions	p. 375
Multiple Choice	p. 375
Free Response	p. 377
Atomic and Nuclear Physics [B]	p. 381
Introduction	p. 381
Photons and the Photoelectric Effect	p. 381
The Bohr Model of the Atom	p. 384
Wave-Particle Duality	p. 387
Nuclear Physics	p. 388
The Nuclear Force	p. 389
Binding Energy	p. 389
Nuclear Reactions	p. 391
Disintegration Energy	p. 392
Chapter 17 Review Questions	p. 394
Multiple Choice	p. 394
Free Response	p. 396
Fluid Mechanics [B]	p. 397
Introduction	p. 397
Density	p. 398
Pressure	p. 399
Hydrostatic Pressure	p. 400
Buoyancy	p. 404
Flow Rate and the Continuity Equation	p. 408
Bernoulli's Equation	p. 410
Torricelli's Theorem	p. 411
The Bernoulli Effect	p. 414
Chapter 18 Review Questions	p. 416
Multiple Choice	p. 416
Free Response	p. 419
Solutions to the Chapter Review Questions	p. 423
The Princeton Review AP Physics B Practice Exam	p. 531
AP Physics B Practice Exam: Answers and Explanations	p. 557
The Princeton Review AP Physics C Practice Exam	p. 577
AP Physics C Practice Exam: Answers and Explanations	p. 607
About the Author	p. 635
Index	p. 637
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Cracking the AP Physics B and C Exams, 2006-2007 Edition

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Cracking the AP Physics B and C Exams, 2006-2007 Edition

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