3D Synthetic Environment Reconstruction

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Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2001-06-01
Publisher(s): Springer Verlag
List Price: $219.00

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Summary

Although synthetic environments were traditionally used in military settings for mission rehearsal and simulations, their use is rapidly spreading to a variety of applications in the commercial, research and industrial sectors, such as flight training for commercial aircraft, city planning, car safety research in real-time traffic simulations, and video games. 3D Synthetic Environment Reconstruction contains seven invited chapters from leading experts in the field, bringing together a coherent body of recent knowledge relating 3D geospatial data collection, design issues, and techniques used in synthetic environments design, implementation and interoperability. In particular, this book describes new techniques for the generation of Synthetic Environments with increased resolution and rich attribution, both essential for accurate modeling and simulation. This book also deals with interoperability of models and simulations, which is necessary for facilitating the reuse of modeling and simulation components. 3D Synthetic Environment Reconstruction is an excellent reference for researchers and practitioners in the field. Included with this volume is a CD-ROM containing the color version of the book's many illustrations.

Table of Contents

Preface ix
Chapter 1
11(24)
Introduction
11(2)
3D Synthetic Environment Applications
13(3)
Aerospace
13(1)
City Planning & GIS
14(1)
Education
14(1)
Manufacturing
15(1)
M&S
15(1)
Synthetic Environment Data
16(7)
Data Sources
16(2)
NIMA's Vector Product Format Data Model
18(3)
Commercial Database Formats
21(2)
Three-dimensional Data Acquisition
23(1)
The Synthetic Environment Database Generation Process
23(3)
Synthetic Environment Database Exchange, Reuse and Sharing
26(2)
Data Repositories
26(1)
Interchange Specifications
27(1)
Distributed Simulations of Synthetic Environments
28(1)
Synthetic Environment Visualization Technologies
28(3)
The CAVE
28(1)
The Workbench
29(1)
Head Mounted Displays
30(1)
Virtual Retinal Display
30(1)
Monitors
30(1)
Haptics
31(1)
Conclusion
31(1)
Acknowledgments
32(3)
Chapter 2
35(26)
Introduction
35(2)
Preliminaries
37(3)
Multiresolution Meshes
40(8)
Modifications of a Mesh
41(3)
Batches of Modifications
44(1)
A Framework For Multiresolution
44(4)
Survey of Existing Models
48(9)
Nested Models
48(5)
Evolutionary Models
53(1)
Sequential Models
54(1)
Vertex Forests
55(2)
Other Approaches
57(1)
Conclusions
57(4)
Chapter 3
61(14)
Introduction
61(1)
The VPF + Data Structure
62(5)
VPF + Primitives
62(1)
VPF Enhancements
63(2)
Non-Manifold Objects
65(2)
The Prototype
67(3)
NRL's GIDB
70(2)
Conclusions
72(1)
Acknowledgments
73(2)
Chapter 4
75(28)
Introduction
75(1)
Data Acquisition
76(8)
Data Sources
76(2)
Photogrammetric Data Collection
78(1)
Surface Reconstruction
79(5)
Automated Reconstruction
84(11)
The Role of Models
84(1)
Building Reconstruction Systems
85(2)
Segmentation of Digital Surface Models
87(1)
Detection of Buildings using Morphology
87(2)
Detection of Buildings by Classification
89(1)
Structuring by Curvature Based DSM Segmentation
90(2)
Structuring by Planar DSM Segmentation
92(1)
Ground Plans
93(2)
Texture Mapping
95(3)
Conclusions and Outlook
98(5)
Chapter 5
103(16)
Introduction / Photo-Realistic Visualization
103(5)
Image-based Rendering
104(1)
Textured 3D Graphics
105(1)
Capturing of Photographic Information
106(2)
Visualization
108(1)
Distant Adapted Representations
108(1)
VRML-based Implementation
109(1)
Capturing
109(8)
Establish Point Correspondences
110(2)
Triangulation for Panoramic Images
112(1)
Building Objects
113(2)
Finding Camera Positions
115(2)
Conclusion and Outlook
117(2)
Chapter 6
119(18)
Introduction
120(3)
Modeling Requirements for a Mobile Augmented Reality System
123(6)
Modeling Methods
129(6)
Surveying Methods
129(1)
Topological LIDAR
129(1)
Photogrammetric and Computer Vision-Based Techniques
130(5)
Conclusions
135(2)
Chapter 7
137(32)
Introduction
137(1)
Data Sources
138(1)
Background Work on Urban Database Construction
139(1)
Modeling Building Strategies
140(3)
Enhancement Techniques
141(1)
2D Feature Extraction Techniques
141(1)
Interactive 3D Object Extraction/Creation
142(1)
3D Natural Object Extraction
143(1)
Semi-Automatic Urban Construction
143(8)
Overhead Imagery
144(1)
Time/Date Selection
145(1)
Building Extraction
145(1)
Building Polyhedra Generation
146(2)
Building Textures
148(1)
Exporting and Adjusting the Urban Terrain
149(1)
Results for Building Urban Databases
150(1)
Background Work on Urban Visualization
151(1)
Real-Time Urban Visualization
152(12)
An Efficient Global Hierarchical Structure for Heterogeneous Data
154(3)
Hierarchy for Buildings and Other Static Objects
157(2)
Hierarchical Structure for Optimized Paging
159(2)
Results for Collections of Buildings
161(3)
Conclusions
164(1)
Future Directions
164(1)
Acknowledgements
165(4)
Index 169

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