Coatings Materials and Surface Coatings,9781420044041

Coatings Materials and Surface Coatings

by ;
Edition: 1st
ISBN13: 9781420044041
ISBN10: 1420044044
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2006-11-07
Publisher(s): CRC Press
List Price: $246.09

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Summary

Drawing from the third edition of The Coatings Technology Handbook, this text provides a detailed analysis of the raw materials used in the coatings, adhesives, paints, and inks industries. Coatings Materials and Surface Coatings contains chapters covering the latest polymers, carbon resins, and high-temperature materials used for coatings, adhesives, and varnishes today.Featuring new and updated chapters, this text provides an in-depth examination of raw materials categorized into four types: resins, solvents, pigments, and additives. Concise chapters describe the development, chemical and physical properties, synthesis and polymerization, commercial uses, and other characteristics for each raw material and coating. In addition, the book demonstrates how application methods, environmental factors, and chemical interactions affect each surface coating's performance. Other unique topics include biocides, fluorocarbon resins, vegetable- and protein-based coatings and adhesives, gravure inks, and artists' paints.A comprehensive, yet practical source of reference, Coatings Materials and Surface Coatings provides an excellent foundation for comparing the properties and performance of coatings and choosing suitable materials based on specific service needs and environmental factors.

Table of Contents

I Materials
Acrylic Polymers
1(1)
Ronald A. Lombardi
James D. Gasper
Introduction
1(1)
Chemistry and Manufacture
1(1)
Monomers
Polymerization Methods
Versatility of Acrylics
2(2)
Glass Transition Temperature
Emulsion Acrylics
Application Areas
4(4)
Coatings
Adhesives
Inks
Coating Techniques
8
Gravure Coaters
Flexographic Coaters
Wire-Wound Rod Coaters
Knife over Roll Coaters
Reverse Roll Coaters
Vinyl Ether Polymers
1(1)
Helmut W. J. Muller
General
1(1)
Monomers
1(1)
Production of Polymers
1(1)
Products on the Market
2(1)
Properties
2(1)
Applications
3
Bibliography
3
Poly(Styrene-Butadiene)
1(1)
Randall W. Zempel
Introduction
1(1)
Emulsion Polymerization
1(2)
Characteristics of Styrene-Butadiene Latex
3(1)
Uses
3
Bibliography
4
Liquid Polymers for Coatings
1(1)
Robert D. Athey, Jr.
Introduction
1(1)
Fluid Properties
1(1)
Commercial Liquid Polymers
1(2)
Polymers with Random Functionality
Telechelic Polymers
Curing
Applications
3(2)
Conclusions
5
References
5
Polyesters
1(1)
H. F. Huber
D. Stoye
Introduction and Scope
1(1)
Classification of Saturated Polyesters
2(1)
Manufacturing Processes
3(1)
Reaction Components
Technical Manufacturing Processes
Properties of Polyesters
4(3)
Morphology
Solubility
Molecular Weight Distribution
Functionality and Reactivity
Transition Temperatures
Compatibility of Polyesters
Chemical Properties
Analytical Procedures
7(1)
Preparation of Polyester Coatings
7(2)
Solvent-Borne Polyester Coating
High Solids Paints
Waterborne Paints
Solvent-Free Coatings
Properties and Applications of Polyester Coatings
9
Sheet and Coil Coatings
Can Coating
Automotive Paints
Industrial Paints
Two-Component Paints
Powder Coating
Radiation-Curable Coatings
Adhesives
References
12
Alkyd Resins
1(1)
Krister Holmberg
Classification
1(1)
Oil Length and Type of Oil
Percentage of Phthalic Anhydride
Acid Value and Hydroxyl Number
Principle of Alkyd Synthesis
2(2)
Functionality and Prediction for Gel Point
4(2)
Actual Functionality
Gel Point
Alkyd Calculations
Raw Materials
6(1)
Polybasic Acids
Polyols
Fatty Acids and Oils
Manufacturing Process
7(2)
Fusion Method versus Solvent Method
Monoglyceride versus Fatty Acid Process
Alkyds for Reduced Solvent Emission
9(1)
High Solids Coatings
Emulsion-Based Coatings
Powder Coatings
Modified Alkyds
10(1)
Polyamide Modification
Vinyl Modification
Other Modifications
Uses
11
References
11
The Polyurea Revolution: Protective Coatings for the 21st Century
1(1)
Bruce R. Baxter
History
1(1)
Polyureas versus Polyurethanes/Chemistry
1(1)
Application Characteristics
2(1)
General Performance
2(1)
Weathering Characteristics
2(1)
Chemical, Water, and Corrosion Resistance
2(1)
Safety
3(1)
Conclusion
4
Phenolic Resins
1(1)
Kenneth Bourlier
Rigid Packaging
2(1)
Maintenance Primers
3(1)
Printing Inks
3(1)
Epoxy Hardeners
4(1)
Summary
4
References
5
Coal Tar and Asphalt Coatings
1(1)
Henry R. Stoner
Coal Tar Types
1(2)
Asphaltic Types
3
Bibliography
4
Vulcanizate Thermoplastic Elastomers
1(1)
Charles P. Rader
Introduction
1(1)
Properties
1(1)
Processing
2(1)
Uses of TPV
2
Olefinic Thermoplastic Elastomers
1(1)
Jesse Edenbaum
Introduction
1(1)
Properties
2(1)
Limitations of TPOE Compounds
Usage
2
Coating Applications
Primer Systems
Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer (EVOH) Resins
1(1)
R. H. Foster
Polymer
1(1)
Barrier Properties
1(3)
Regulatory Approval
4(1)
Fabrication Methods
4
Elastomeric Alloy Thermoplastic Elastomers
1(1)
Charles P. Rader
Properties
1(1)
Processing
2(1)
Uses of Elastomeric Alloys
2
Polyvinyl Chloride and Its Copolymers in Plastisol Coatings
1(1)
Jesse Edenbaum
Introduction
1(1)
Formulation
1(3)
Resins
Plasticizers
Solvents
Other Additives
Plastisol Manufacturing Procedures
4
Equipment
Quality Control
Coating Application
Continuous Thin Film Applications
Polyvinyl Acetal Resins
1(1)
Thomas P. Blomstrom
Chemistry and Manufacture
1(1)
Availability, Economics
1(1)
Properties
2(7)
Reactivity and Compatibility
Physical and Chemical Properties
Solution Viscosity
Plasticizers
Toxicology
Surface Coating Applications
9
Polyvinyl Butyral
Polyvinyl Butyral Dispersions
Polyvinyl Formal
References
11
Polyimides
1(1)
B. H. Lee
Chemistry and Properties
1(1)
Uses
2(1)
Commercial Information
2
Bibliography
2
Parylene Coating
1(1)
William F. Beach
Process
1(1)
Properties
2(1)
Applications
3
References
3
Nitrocellulose
1(1)
Daniel M. Zavisza
Preparation
1(1)
Degree of Substitution
Degree of Polymerization
Types and Grades
Solubility
2(1)
Solvents and Diluents
Viscosity Effects
Blushing
Solution Preparation
Film Properties
3
Plasticizers
Resins
Cross-Linkable Coating Systems
Safety Considerations
Appendix: Typical Properties of RS Nitrocellulose
5
Soybean, Blood, and Casein Glues
1(1)
Alan Lambuth
Soybean Glues
1(3)
Preparation
Wood Glues
Blends
Blood Glues
4(3)
Preparation
Formulation
Casein Glues
7
Preparation
Formulation
References
10
Fish Gelatin and Fish Glue
1(1)
Robert E. Norland
Introduction
1(1)
Properties
1(1)
Applications
2(2)
Remoistenable Coatings: Gummed Tape
Photoresists for Photochemical Machining
Dyed Patterns on Glass
Ceramic Stencils
Electrical Insulators
Temporary Protective Coatings
Plating Release Agents
Fish Gelatin in Photographic Coatings
Gelatin Capsules
Conclusion
4
References
4
Waxes
1(1)
J. David Bower
Introduction
1(1)
Definition
1(1)
Types
2(2)
Animal Waxes
Vegetable Sources
Mineral Waxes
Synthetic Waxes
Coating Applications
4
Mechanism
Property Enhancement
Incorporation Methods
References
6
Carboxymethylcellulose
1(1)
Richey M. Davis
Introduction
1(1)
Coating Application
1(1)
Coating Formulation
2
References
4
Hydroxyethylcellulose
1(1)
Lisa A. Burmeister
Introduction
1(1)
Chemical Composition of Hydroxyethylcellulose
2(1)
Types and Grades of Hydroxyethylcellulose
2(1)
Chemical and Physical Properties of Hydroxyethylcellulose
3(1)
Incorporating Hydroxyethylcellulose into Latex Paints
3(1)
Application Properties of Latex Paints Thickened with Hydroxyethylcellulose
4
Leveling and Sag Resistance
Film Build
Spatter Resistance
Reference
5
Antistatic and Conductive Additives
1(1)
B. Davis
Conductivity Additives for Spray Paints
1(1)
Antistatic Additives for Plastic Materials
1(1)
References
3
Silane Adhesion Promoters
1(1)
Edwin P. Plueddemann
References
3
Chromium Complexes
1(1)
J. Rufford Harrison
Introduction
1(1)
Manufacture
1(1)
Methacrylic Acid Types
1(1)
End Uses
2(1)
Release
Water Resistance
Grease Resistance
Application Methods
3(1)
Governmental and Other Regulations
4
Nonmetallic Fatty Chemicals as Internal Mold Release Agents in Polymers
1(1)
Kim S. Percell
Harry H. Tomlinson
Leonard E. Walp
Introduction
1(1)
Test Procedure
2(1)
Experimental
2(1)
Results
3(4)
Results
Polyolefins
Conclusions
7
Acknowledgment
7
Organic Peroxides
1(1)
Peter A. Callais
Introduction
1(1)
Types and Properties
1(3)
Peroxide Selection
Radical Types
Application in Coatings
4(1)
Safety Factors and Producers
5(1)
Future Trends
5
References
5
Surfactants for Waterborne Coatings Applications
1(1)
Samuel P. Morell
Introduction
1(1)
Chemistry
1(1)
Theory
2(1)
Foam Control
3(1)
Wetting
4(1)
Conclusion
5
Surfactants, Dispersants, and Defoamers for the Coatings, Inks, and Adhesives Industries
1(1)
John W Du
Introduction
1(1)
Wetting and Dispersing Process
2(4)
The Wetting and Dispersing Process
Waterborne Systems
Solvent-Based Systems
Classification
Summary
Silicones and Surface Flow Control Agents
6(3)
Background
Chemical Structure of ``Silicones''
Surface Phenomena and the Elimination of Defects
Summary
Defoaming Additives
9(3)
The Nature of Foam
Defoamers versus Air Release Agents
The Mechanisms of Defoaming and Air Release
Defoamers for Aqueous Systems
Defoamers for Solvent-Based Systems
Selection Criteria and Test Methods
Summary
Conclusion
12
References
12
Pigment Dispersion
1(1)
Theodore G. Vernardakis
Introduction
1(1)
A Brief Introduction to Pigments
2(2)
Pigment Definition
Pigment Particles
The Dispersion Process
4(2)
Pigment Wetting
Particle Deaggregation and Deagglomeration
Dispersion Stabilization
The Role of Surface Energy
6(2)
Surface Energy and Surface Area
Surface Energy and Pigment Wetting
Surface Energy and Destabilization of the Dispersion
Surface Energy and the Acid-Base Concept
Mechanisms for the Stabilization of Dispersion
8(1)
Charge Stabilization
Steric or Entropic Stabilization
Surface Treatment
9(1)
Surfactants
Polymeric Dispersants
Surface Modifying Agents
Surface Treatment during Pigment Manufacture
10(1)
Surface Treatment of Pigments: Application
11(6)
Organic Pigments
Inorganic Pigments
The Characterization and Assessment of Dispersion
17(1)
Conclusion
17
References
18
Colored Inorganic Pigments
1(1)
Peter A. Lewis
The Colour Index System
1(1)
Pigment Selection
2(1)
Inorganic Blues
2(1)
Iron Blue
Cobalt Blue
Ultramarine Blue
Cobalt Chromate
Inorganic Browns
3(2)
Natural Iron Oxides
Iron Oxide Browns
Mixed Metal Oxide Browns
Inorganic Greens
5(1)
Chrome Green
Chromium Oxide Green
Hydrated Chromium Oxide Green
Mixed Metal Oxide Greens
Inorganic Oranges
6(1)
Cadmium Orange
Chrome Orange
Cadmium Mercury Orange
Inorganic Reds
6(2)
Iron Oxide Reds
Molybdate Orange
Cadmium Red
Mercury Cadmium Red
Inorganic Violets
8(1)
Ultramarine Violet
Manganese Violet
Mixed Metal Oxide Violets
Inorganic Yellows
9
Strontium Yellow
Primrose Chrome Yellow
Cadmium Zinc Yellow
Zinc Chromate
Cadmium Sulfide Yellow
Iron Oxide Yellows
Mixed Metal Oxide Yellows
Bismuth Vanadate/Molybdate Yellow
Organic Pigments
1(1)
Peter A. Lewis
Introduction
1(1)
The Colour Index System
1(1)
Pigment Selection
2
Organic Blues
Organic Greens
Organic Oranges
Reds
Organic Yellows
Amino Resins
1(1)
George D. Vaughn
Introduction
1(1)
History
Amino Resin Synthesis and Background
2(1)
Urea-Formaldehyde Resins
Melamine-Formaldehyde Resins
Coatings
3(3)
Film Formation --- Cross-Linking
Catalysts
Automotive Coatings --- Clear Coats
Other Amino Resins
6(1)
Future Trends
6
References
6
Driers
1(1)
Milton Nowak
References
3
Biocides for the Coatings Industry
1(1)
K. Winkowski
Introduction
1(1)
In-Can Preservatives
1(1)
Dry-Film Preservatives
2
References
3
Clays
1(1)
Ashok Khokhani
Kaolin
1(2)
Manufacturing
Kaolin Categories
Benefits of Kaolin Use in Paints
Applications of Kaolin in Paints
Attapulgite
3(2)
Dispersion
Application in Paints
Smectite
5
Organoclays
References
6
Fluorocarbon Resins for Coatings and Inks
1(1)
Kurt A. Wood
General
1(1)
Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) (PVDF) Resins for Coatings
2(1)
Fluorinated Ethylene Vinyl Ether (FEVE) Resins for Coatings
3(1)
Fluorinated Acrylics
4(1)
Other Fluorinated Resins for Coatings and Inks
4
Bibliography
5
High Temperature Pigments
1(1)
Helen Hatcher
Introduction
1(1)
The Technology
2(2)
Color Mechanism
Chemical Structure
Production Methods
Pigment Types
4(1)
Rutile Pigments
Spinel Pigments
Zircon Stains
Pigment Properties
5(1)
Typical Applications
6
Surface Coatings
Ceramics
Building Materials
Glass
Plastics
Bibliography
8
Polyurethane Associative Thickeners for Waterborne Coatings
1(1)
Douglas N. Smith
Detlef van Peij
Introduction
1(1)
Chemical Structure and Thickening Mechanism
2(1)
Structure
Thickening Mechanism
Flow Behavior and Related Properties Given by PEUPU Thickeners
3(1)
Factors Affecting Thickener Efficiency
4(2)
Influence of Cosolvents
Influence of Surfactants and Emulsion Stabilizers
Influence of Latex Particle Size
Delivery Form and Incorporation
6(1)
Examples of Applications
6(1)
Summary
7
References
7
II Surface Coatings
Flexographic Inks
1(1)
Sam Gilbert
Introduction
1(1)
Process
1(1)
Substrate
2(1)
Vehicles
2(1)
Colorants
3(1)
Formulations
3
Multicolor Coatings
1(1)
Robert D. Athey, Jr.
Introduction
1(1)
Practice of the Art
1(1)
Continuous Phase
Dispersed Phase
Combining Dispersed and Continuous Phases
References
2
Paintings Conservation Varnish
1(1)
Christopher W. McGlinchey
Introduction
1(1)
Effect of Varnishes
1(1)
Types of Varnishes
2
References
3
Thermoset Powder Coatings
1(1)
Lawrence R. Waelde
Introduction
1(2)
Powder Coatings Defined
The First Powder Coatings
Thermoset Beginnings
The Beginning of Growth
The World Discovers Powder Coatings
Processing and Equipment
3(3)
Premixture
Extrusion
Grinding
Sifting and Classifying
Application Equipment
Chemistry
6(5)
Epoxy Systems
Polyester Systems
Acrylic Systems
Formulation
11(1)
Resin Systems
Pigments and Fillers
Additives
End Uses
12
References
12
Peelable Medical Coatings
1(1)
Donald A. Reinke
Introduction
1(1)
Cold-Seal Coatings
2(1)
Heat-Seal Coatings
2
Conductive Coatings
1(1)
Raimond Liepins
Introduction
1(1)
Types of Conductive Coatings
2(3)
Metallic
Filled Polymeric
Polymeric
Organometallic
Commercially Available Conductive Coatings
5(1)
Applications
6(1)
Shielding from Electromagnetic Interference
The Stealth
Miscellaneous
New Developments
7
References
8
Silicone Release Coatings
1(1)
Richard P. Eckberg
Introduction
1(1)
Thermal-Cured Silicone Release Agents
2(5)
Radiation-Curable Silicone Release Agents
7(2)
The Future
9
References
9
Silicone Hard Coatings
1(1)
Edward A. Bernheim
Introduction
1(1)
Substrates
2(1)
Uses
2(1)
Application of the Coating
2(1)
Conclusions
3
Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives and Adhesive Products
1(1)
D. Satas
Introduction
1(1)
Adhesives
1(1)
Adhesive Properties
2(3)
Tack
Peel Adhesion
Shear Resistance
Other Tests
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
Products
5(1)
Tapes
Labels
Other Products
Processing
5
Coating
Drying
Slitting and Die-Cutting
References
7
Self-Seal Adhesives
1(1)
Larry S. Timm
Introduction
1(2)
Adhesion and Cohesion
Seal Performance
Application Techniques
3
Handling
Procedures
Solgel Coatings
1(1)
Lisa C. Klein
Introduction
1(1)
The Solgel Process
1(1)
Thin Film Applications
2(1)
Optical Coatings
Electronic Coatings
Abrasion Coatings
Protective Coatings
Porous Coatings
Composites
Advantages
3
Bibliography
4
Radiation-Cured Coatings
1(1)
Joseph V. Koleske
Introduction
1(1)
Equipment
2(1)
Electron Beam
Ultraviolet Light
Chemistry
3(5)
Photoinitiators
Formulation
End Uses
8
References
8
Nonwoven Fabric Binders
1(1)
Albert G. Hoyle
Introduction
1(1)
Binders
1(1)
Latex
Fiber
Powder
Netting
Film
Hot Melt
Solution
Bibliography
4
Fire-Retardant/Fire-Resistive Coatings
1(1)
Joseph Green
Conventional Paints
1(1)
Fire-Retardant Paints
1(1)
Fire-Retardation Mechanism
2(1)
Fire-Resistive Intumescent Coatings
3(1)
Miscellaneous Coatings
4
References
5
Leather Coatings
1(1)
Valentinas Rajeckas
Introduction
1(1)
Characteristics of Leather Coatings
2(4)
Main Coating
Unpigmented Ground Coatings
Aqueous Pigmented Coatings
Technology of Decoration of Skins of Large Hoofed Animals with Artificial Grain
6(1)
Some Nonstandard Coating Applications
7
Metal Coatings
1(1)
Robert D. Athey, Jr.
Metallizing
1(3)
Liquid Metal Processes
Solid Metal Processes
Vapor Processes
Plating
Coating on Metals
4
Decoration
Protection
References
6
Corrosion and Its Control by Coatings
1(1)
Clive H. Hare
Introduction
1(5)
Energy Transfer
The Electrochemical Nature of Corrosion
Electrode Reactions
Polarization
Electrode Film Breakdown and Depolarization
Passivation and Depassivation
Area Effects
Coatings
6
Corrosion Control by Coatings
Barrier Coatings
Inhibitive Coatings
Zinc-Rich Coatings
References
9
Marine Coatings Industry
1(1)
Jack Hickey
Bibliography
2
Decorative Surface Protection Products
1(1)
Jaykumar (Jay) J. Shah
Introduction
1(1)
History
1(1)
Products
2(3)
Primary Substrate or Base Sheet
Pigmented Coating for Decorative Printing
Release Paper
Release Coatings
Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives
Process of Manufacturing
5(2)
Application of Release Coatings
Adhesive Coating Application Process
Finishing
Applications
7
References
8
Coated Fabrics for Protective Clothing
1(1)
N. J. Abbott
Introduction
1(1)
Protection from What?
1(1)
Coating Materials
2(2)
Coating Types
Method of Application
Properties
Markets and Standards
4
Bibliography
4
Coated Fabrics for Apparel Use: The Problem of Comfort
1(1)
N. J. Abbott
The Physiology of Heat Regulation
1(1)
Vapor Permeability Requirements
2
Breathable Films
Bibliography
3
Architectural Fabrics
1(1)
Marcel Dery
Introduction
1(1)
Products
1(1)
Gummed Tape
1(1)
Milton C. Schmit
Introduction
1(1)
Products
1(1)
Manufacturing
2
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems
1(1)
Gary W. Cleary
Introduction
1(1)
Attributes of a Transdermal System
2(2)
Developing a Transdermal
Selecting Drug Candidate
Future Approaches to Transdermal Delivery Systems
4
Optical Fiber Coatings
1(1)
Kenneth Lawson
Introduction and Background
1(1)
Optical Waveguide Principles
Coating
2
Handleability
Coating Requirements
Composition of Fiber Coatings
References
4
Exterior Wood Finishes
1(1)
William C. Feist
Introduction
1(2)
Exterior Substrates
3(4)
Wood Properties and Weathering
Wood and Wood-Based Products
Water-Soluble Extractives
Exterior Finishes
7(4)
Natural Weathering
Applied Finishes
Summary
11
References
11
Pharmaceutical Tablet Coating
1(1)
Joseph L. Johnson
History
1(1)
Reasons for Coating Tablets
1(1)
Types of Coating
2
The Sugar-Coated Tablet
The Film-Coated Tablet
Compression Coating
Bibliography
3
Textiles for Coating
1(1)
Algirdas Matukonis
Yarns
1(1)
Fabrics
2
Woven Fabrics
Knitted Fabrics
Nonwovens
Bibliography
12
Nonwovens as Coating and Laminating Substrates
1(1)
Albert G. Hoyle
Introduction
1(1)
Substrate Structures
2(2)
Spunbonded Webs
Carded Unidirectional Webs
Carded, Cross-Lapped, Needlepunched Webs
Air-Lay Needlepunched Webs
Poromerics
Hydraulically Entangled Webs
Wet-Lay Mats
Stitchbonded Materials
End-Use Applications
4
Home Furnishings
Construction Uses
Automotive: Landau Tops, Interior Paneling, and Car Seats
Consumer Products
Filtration: Microporous Membrane Substrates
Industrial Applications
Bibliography
6
General Use of Inks and the Dyes Used to Make Them
1(1)
Carol D. Klein
Ink-Jet Inks
1(1)
Marker Inks for Children
2(1)
Writing Inks
3(1)
Permanent Inks
4(1)
Dyes Used in Permanent Ink Systems
4(1)
Current and Future Aspects
4
Gravure Inks
1(1)
Sam Gilbert
Introduction
1(1)
Process
2(1)
Substrate
2(1)
Vehicles
2(1)
Colorants
3(1)
Formulations
3
Artist's Paints: Their Composition and History
1(1)
Michael Iskowitz
Index 1

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