Emergency Powers of International Organizations Between Normalization and Containment

Emergency Powers of International Organizations explores emergency politics of international organizations (IOs). It studies cases in which, based on justifications of exceptional necessity, IOs expand their authority, increase executive discretion, and interfere with the rights of their rule-addressees. This ''IO exceptionalism'' is observable in crisis responses of a diverse set of institutions including the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, and the World Health Organization.

Through six in-depth case studies, the book analyzes the institutional dynamics unfolding in the wake of the assumption of emergency powers by IOs. Sometimes, the exceptional competencies become normalized in the IOs' authority structures (the ''ratchet effect"). In other cases, IO emergency powers provoke a backlash that eventually reverses or contains the expansions of authority (the "rollback effect"). To explain these variable outcomes, this book draws on sociological institutionalism to develop a proportionality theory of IO emergency powers. It contends that ratchets and rollbacks are a function of actors' ability to justify or contest emergency powers as (dis)proportionate. The claim that the distribution of rhetorical power is decisive for the institutional outcome is tested against alternative rational institutionalist explanations that focus on institutional design and the distribution of institutional power among states. The proportionality theory holds across the cases studied in this book and clearly outcompetes the alternative accounts. Against the background of the empirical analysis, the book moreover provides a critical normative reflection on the (anti) constitutional effects of IO exceptionalism and highlights a potential connection between authoritarian traits in global governance and the system's current legitimacy crisis.

Christian Kreuder-Sonnen, Friedrich Schiller University Jena

Prof. Dr. Christian Kreuder-Sonnen is assistant professor of political science and international organizations at Friedrich Schiller University Jena and co-director of the MA program International Organizations and Crisis Management.

1. Introduction: Emergency politics in global governance
Part I. Concepts and theory
2. Conceptualizing IO emergency powers
3. A proportionality theory of IO emergency powers
Part II. Cases of IO emergency powers
4. Emergency powers of the UN Security Council: Law making and law breaking in counter-terrorism
5. Emergency politics in the Euro crisis: From exception to structural transformation
6. WHO emergency powers for global health security
Part III. Assessment
7. Conclusion: Assessing the theory and practice of IO emergency powers