This revised edition reflects recent changes in the technology and clinical use of echocardiography. New images complement the information on technological advances, and an accompanying DVD contains tutorials on echo interpretation with voiceover and animations. 12/09.

Chapter 1 History of Echocardiography Development of Various Echocardiographic Technologies Recording Echocardiograms Cardiac Sonographers Echocardiographic Education and Organizations References Chapter 2 Physics and Instrumentation Physical Principles Interaction Between Ultrasound and Tissue The Transducer Manipulating the Ultrasound Beam Resolution Creating the Image Transmitting Ultrasound Energy Display Options Tradeoffs in Image Creation Signal Processing Tissue Harmonic Imaging Artifacts Doppler Echocardiography Biologic Effects of Ultrasound Suggested Readings Chapter 3 Specialized Echocardiographic Techniques and Methods Imaging Devices and Methods Doppler Interrogation Doppler Tissue Imaging Speckle Tracking Tissue Characterization Acquisition of Cardiac Ultrasound Information The Digital Echo Laboratory Suggested Readings Chapter 4 Contrast Echocardiography Source of Ultrasound Contrast Contrast Agents Clinical Use Ultrasound Interaction with Contrast Agents Detection Methods Contrast Artifacts Detection and Utilization of Intracavitary Contrast Detection of Miscellaneous Conditions Myocardial Perfusion Contrast Echocardiography Suggested Readings Chapter 5 The Echocardiographic Examination Selecting the Transducers Patient Position Placement of the Transducer An Approach to the Transthoracic Examination Parasternal Long-Axis Views Parasternal Short-Axis Views Apical Views The Subcostal Examination Suprasternal Views Orientation of Two-Dimensional Images Echocardiographic Measurements Left Ventricular Wall Segments M-Mode Examination Transesophageal Echocardiography Transesophageal Echocardiographic Views Echocardiography as a Screening Test Training in Echocardiography Suggested Readings Chapter 6 Evaluation of Systolic Function of the Left Ventricle General Principles Linear Measurements Two-dimensional Measurements Regional Left Ventricular Function Doppler Evaluation of Global Left Ventricular Function Conclusion Suggested Readings Chapter 7 Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function Normal Diastolic Function Stages of Diastolic Dysfunction Echo-Doppler Parameters of Diastolic Function A Comprehensive Approach to Diastolic Dysfunction Estimating Left Ventricular Filling Pressures Stress Testing to Assess Diastolic Function The Differential Diagnosis of Heart Failure with Normal Ejection Fraction Evaluation of Diastolic Dysfunction in Specific Patient Groups Prognosis in Patients with Diastolic Dysfunction Suggested Readings Chapter 8 Left and Right Atrium, and Right Ventricle Left Atrium Atrial Septum Pulmonary Veins Right Atrium Right Ventricle Suggested Readings Chapter 9 Hemodynamics Use of M-Mode and Two-Dimensional Echocardiography Quantifying Blood Flow Clinical Application of Blood Flow Measurement Measuring Pressure Gradients Applications of the Bernoulli Equation Determining Pressure Half-Time The Continuity Equation Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area Abbreviated Table of Contents