| Foreword |
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v | |
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| Foreword |
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vii | |
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| Preface to the Second Edition |
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ix | |
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1 | (54) |
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2 | (4) |
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6 | (10) |
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The Tortured Path to Unity |
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6 | (6) |
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The Triumph of the Learned Man |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (2) |
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The Contrast With The French Civil Code |
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16 | (3) |
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The Regulatory Technique Of The German Civil Code |
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19 | (6) |
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Contract As Part Of The Law Of Obligations |
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25 | (12) |
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25 | (1) |
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The Different Meanings of `Contract' |
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25 | (2) |
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The Principles of Separation and Abstraction |
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27 | (10) |
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The Constitutionalisation Of Private Law |
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37 | (6) |
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43 | (12) |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (9) |
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The Formation of a Contract |
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55 | (64) |
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55 | (1) |
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The Offer (Antrag, Angebot) |
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56 | (14) |
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57 | (2) |
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Necessary Content of an Offer |
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59 | (3) |
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Offer and Invitation to Treat |
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62 | (1) |
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The Duration of the Offer |
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63 | (1) |
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The Irrevocability of the Offer |
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64 | (1) |
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The Rationale of the German Approach |
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65 | (2) |
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Communication of the Offer |
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67 | (3) |
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70 | (11) |
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70 | (1) |
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Unreserved Acceptance; Dissent |
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71 | (2) |
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Communication of the Acceptance |
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73 | (2) |
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Waiver of Notification of Acceptance; Silence and Letters of Confirmation |
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75 | (3) |
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Pre-contracts; Option Contracts; and Letters of Intention |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (2) |
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Form And Evidence Of Seriousness |
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81 | (10) |
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81 | (5) |
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86 | (5) |
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Culpa In Contrahendo: Fault In Contracting |
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91 | (18) |
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92 | (5) |
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97 | (2) |
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99 | (4) |
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Negligent Misrepresentation |
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103 | (1) |
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Liability of Intermediaries |
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103 | (6) |
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109 | (10) |
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109 | (3) |
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The Giving of Authority---Bevollmachtigung |
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112 | (1) |
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The Extent of the Authority |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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The Liability of the Falsus Procurator |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (2) |
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The Content of a Contract |
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119 | (62) |
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119 | (1) |
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The Principle Of Good Faith |
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119 | (14) |
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120 | (3) |
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123 | (2) |
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Implying Collateral Obligations |
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125 | (5) |
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130 | (3) |
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The Sources Of Contractual Terms: Interpretation And Beyond |
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133 | (11) |
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133 | (2) |
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135 | (3) |
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Express Terms, Terms implied in Fact and in Law |
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138 | (2) |
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`Completive' Interpretation (erganzende Vertragsauslegung) |
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140 | (1) |
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Default Rules and Terms implied in Law |
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141 | (3) |
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Specific Types Of Contract |
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144 | (19) |
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144 | (3) |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (2) |
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151 | (1) |
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Loan and other Forms of Credit |
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151 | (2) |
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153 | (2) |
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155 | (2) |
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157 | (1) |
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Mandate and the Management of Affairs for Others |
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158 | (2) |
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160 | (2) |
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Mixed and New Types of Contract |
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162 | (1) |
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Standard Terms And Exclusion Clauses |
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163 | (18) |
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164 | (6) |
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Structure and Scope of Application |
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170 | (1) |
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Standard Terms, their Incorporation and Construction |
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171 | (4) |
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Assessing the Fairness of Standard Terms |
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175 | (4) |
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Consequences of Invalidity |
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179 | (2) |
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Relaxations to Contractual Privity |
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181 | (46) |
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181 | (5) |
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Contracts In Favour Of Third Parties ( Vertrage zugunsten Dritter) |
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186 | (18) |
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Typical Factual Situations where such Contracts are Discovered by the Courts |
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187 | (1) |
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Retirement Benefits and Widows' Pensions under Private Law Agreements |
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188 | (1) |
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Parents Contracting with Physicians for the Treatment of their Child |
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189 | (1) |
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Savings Accounts: Third Parties as Account Holders |
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190 | (3) |
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Carriage of Persons in Connection with the Services of Travel Agencies |
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193 | (1) |
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Insurance Contracts Stipulating Performance to a Third Party |
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194 | (2) |
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Carriage of Goods where the Consignee is Treated as a Third Party-Beneficiary |
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196 | (1) |
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How is the Right Acquired? |
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197 | (2) |
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When does the Third Party's Right Vest? |
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199 | (2) |
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Defences against the Beneficiary |
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201 | (2) |
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Unjust Enrichment of the Beneficiary |
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203 | (1) |
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Contracts With Protective Effects Towards Third Parties |
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204 | (12) |
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204 | (1) |
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Cases involving Personal Injury or Physical Damage |
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204 | (4) |
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208 | (6) |
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Summary and Comparative Epilogue |
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214 | (2) |
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Schadensverlagerung And Transferred Loss |
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216 | (11) |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (2) |
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220 | (3) |
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223 | (1) |
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Taking Care of Another's Goods |
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224 | (3) |
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227 | (36) |
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227 | (2) |
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229 | (11) |
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229 | (1) |
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Age-related distinctions-Minors |
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230 | (8) |
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Individual Lack of Capacity |
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238 | (2) |
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240 | (7) |
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240 | (2) |
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Statutory Prohibition-General Principles |
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242 | (3) |
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Statutory Prohibition-Fields of Application |
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245 | (2) |
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Public Policy (Sittenwidrigkeit) |
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247 | (16) |
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248 | (2) |
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250 | (3) |
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Contracts Contrary to bonos mores |
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253 | (1) |
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Contracts Violating the Interest of One of the Parties to the Contract |
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254 | (6) |
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Contracts Violating the Interests of the Community at Large |
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260 | (1) |
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Contracts Violating the Interests of a Third Party |
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261 | (2) |
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Setting the Contract Aside |
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263 | (56) |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (12) |
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265 | (5) |
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Right of Cancellation (Widerrufsrecht) |
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270 | (3) |
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273 | (3) |
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276 | (26) |
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277 | (5) |
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The Distinction between Declaration Mistakes and Errors in the Motivation |
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282 | (4) |
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286 | (5) |
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291 | (1) |
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`Expression' and `Meaning' Mistake |
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291 | (1) |
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292 | (1) |
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292 | (1) |
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Intention to Create Legal Relations? |
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293 | (1) |
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294 | (1) |
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295 | (2) |
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Electronic Declarations of Will |
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297 | (1) |
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Mistake as to the Quality of the Subject-matter or the Person |
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297 | (4) |
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301 | (1) |
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Deception And Other Forms Of `Misrepresentation' |
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302 | (12) |
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302 | (1) |
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303 | (3) |
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Duties to Inform (Aufklarungspflichten) |
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306 | (5) |
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Other Forms of `Misrepresentation' |
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311 | (3) |
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314 | (5) |
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314 | (1) |
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315 | (1) |
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Illegitimacy of Threats in Particular |
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316 | (3) |
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The Doctrine of the Foundation of the Transaction |
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319 | (30) |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (3) |
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The Initial Approach And The Present Position Of The BGB |
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323 | (3) |
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The Cause Of The Revolution |
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326 | (10) |
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Adjusting Performance And Counter- Performance: A Closer Look |
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336 | (6) |
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342 | (4) |
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346 | (3) |
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The Performance of a Contract |
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349 | (144) |
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349 | (1) |
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Plea Of Unperformed Contract (Einrede des nichterfullten Vertrages) |
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349 | (6) |
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Classification of Contracts |
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349 | (2) |
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Plea of Unperformed Contract (Einrede des nicht erfullten Vertrages) |
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351 | (3) |
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General Right of Retention (allgemeines Zuruckbehaltungsrecht) |
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354 | (1) |
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Time And Place Of Performance |
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355 | (6) |
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355 | (2) |
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357 | (4) |
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Performance Through Third Parties |
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361 | (12) |
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362 | (1) |
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Vicarious Performance: Sub-contracting and Substitution |
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362 | (2) |
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Sub-contracting in the Building Industry |
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364 | (2) |
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Payment of Another's Debt |
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366 | (7) |
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373 | (6) |
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374 | (1) |
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375 | (1) |
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376 | (1) |
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Validity, Maturity and Enforceability of the Claim Set Off |
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376 | (1) |
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Existence of the Claim of the Other Party |
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377 | (2) |
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Breach of Contract: General Principles |
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379 | (2) |
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The Reformed System Of Remedies For Breach Of Contract |
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381 | (11) |
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History of the Reform and Main Objectives |
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382 | (4) |
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386 | (6) |
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392 | (27) |
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392 | (7) |
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The Primary Duty of Performance |
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399 | (1) |
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Requesting Performance---Relation to Secondary Rights |
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400 | (3) |
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403 | (3) |
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Limits of Enforced Performance: Impossibility |
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406 | (2) |
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Impossibility in the Sense of § 275I BGB |
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408 | (1) |
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Consequences of Impossibility for the Counter-performance |
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409 | (2) |
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Excursus: Delay of the Creditor |
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411 | (2) |
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Impossibility in the Sense of § 275 II BGB |
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413 | (5) |
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Impossibility in the Sense of § 275 III BGB |
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418 | (1) |
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419 | (18) |
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419 | (2) |
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Duties of Performance (Leistungspflichten) |
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421 | (5) |
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426 | (1) |
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Non-conforming Performance |
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427 | (1) |
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Partial Failure of Performance |
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428 | (1) |
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Performance being impossible |
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429 | (1) |
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430 | (1) |
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Exclusion of the Right of Termination |
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431 | (1) |
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Duties of Protection (Schutzpflichten) |
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432 | (1) |
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Consequences of Termination (Rucktritt) |
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432 | (4) |
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Continuing Contracts (Dauerschuldverhaltnisse) |
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436 | (1) |
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437 | (49) |
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438 | (6) |
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444 | (2) |
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446 | (1) |
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Raising the Standard of Care |
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447 | (3) |
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Alleviating the Standard of Care |
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450 | (1) |
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Damages instead of Performance - Late Performance (§ 281 BGB) |
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451 | (1) |
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The `ultimate' Failure of Performance |
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452 | (2) |
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Damages instead of the `Whole' Performance |
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454 | (1) |
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Effect on Counter-performance |
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454 | (1) |
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Damages instead of Performance - Impossibility (§ 283 and § 311a II BGB) |
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455 | (1) |
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456 | (1) |
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456 | (3) |
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Damages instead of Performance-Protective Duties (§ 282 BGB) |
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459 | (1) |
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Recovery of Wasted Expenditure (§ 284 BGB) |
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460 | (1) |
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461 | (2) |
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463 | (1) |
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Damages for Delay (§ 280 II BGB) |
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464 | (1) |
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Delay of Performance (Verzug) |
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464 | (2) |
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466 | (3) |
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Damages alongside Performance, `Simple' Damages (§ 280 I 1 BGB) |
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469 | (1) |
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469 | (1) |
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Expectation Interest (Erfullungsinteresse) |
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470 | (1) |
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Interest in the Integrity (Integritatsinteresse) |
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471 | (1) |
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471 | (4) |
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Mitigation and Contributory Negligence |
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475 | (4) |
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479 | (1) |
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479 | (3) |
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482 | (1) |
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483 | (3) |
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486 | (7) |
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487 | (2) |
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489 | (1) |
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Suspension, Restart and Effects of Prescription |
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490 | (3) |
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Breach of Contract-Specific Contracts |
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493 | (48) |
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493 | (1) |
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494 | (26) |
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495 | (1) |
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Application of General Contract Principles to Breach of a Contract of Sale |
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496 | (3) |
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499 | (3) |
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502 | (6) |
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508 | (1) |
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509 | (1) |
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510 | (3) |
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Relationship between Primary and Secondary Rights |
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513 | (2) |
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515 | (5) |
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520 | (8) |
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521 | (1) |
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Application of General Contract Principles to Breach of a Contract for Work |
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522 | (2) |
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524 | (1) |
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524 | (2) |
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Recovery of Cost of Reinstatement |
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526 | (1) |
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Termination and Price Reduction |
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526 | (1) |
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527 | (1) |
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528 | (5) |
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528 | (1) |
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529 | (10) |
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539 | |
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531 | (2) |
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533 | (8) |
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533 | (1) |
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Application of General Principles to Breach of a Contract of Rent |
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534 | (4) |
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538 | (1) |
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Termination by Notice and Price Reduction |
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539 | (1) |
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Damages for Non-conforming Performance |
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539 | (2) |
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541 | (324) |
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541 | (1) |
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542 | (2) |
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544 | (3) |
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547 | (3) |
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550 | (3) |
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553 | (2) |
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555 | (2) |
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557 | (1) |
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558 | (3) |
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561 | (2) |
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563 | (2) |
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565 | (2) |
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567 | (3) |
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570 | (1) |
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571 | (3) |
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574 | (5) |
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579 | (2) |
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581 | (2) |
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583 | (4) |
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587 | (6) |
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593 | (1) |
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593 | (2) |
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595 | (2) |
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597 | (3) |
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600 | (1) |
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601 | (4) |
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605 | (2) |
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607 | (2) |
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609 | (1) |
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610 | (3) |
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613 | (2) |
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615 | (2) |
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617 | (3) |
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620 | (3) |
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623 | (2) |
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625 | (2) |
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627 | (2) |
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629 | (2) |
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631 | (1) |
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632 | (3) |
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635 | (4) |
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639 | (3) |
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642 | (5) |
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647 | (1) |
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648 | (1) |
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649 | (2) |
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651 | (5) |
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656 | (2) |
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658 | (1) |
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659 | (5) |
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664 | (1) |
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665 | (2) |
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667 | (2) |
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669 | (3) |
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672 | (1) |
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673 | (5) |
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678 | (4) |
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682 | (1) |
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683 | (4) |
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687 | (2) |
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689 | (2) |
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691 | (3) |
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694 | (2) |
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696 | (3) |
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OLG Dusseldorf NJW 1975, 596 |
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699 | (1) |
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700 | (2) |
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702 | (2) |
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704 | (4) |
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708 | (2) |
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710 | (4) |
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714 | (5) |
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719 | (3) |
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722 | (1) |
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723 | (3) |
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726 | (2) |
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728 | (3) |
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BGHZ 88, 240 = NJW 1984, 230 |
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731 | (3) |
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734 | (5) |
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739 | (3) |
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742 | (2) |
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744 | (7) |
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751 | (4) |
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755 | (9) |
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764 | (6) |
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770 | (1) |
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771 | (3) |
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774 | (2) |
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776 | (1) |
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777 | (3) |
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780 | (2) |
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782 | (2) |
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784 | (2) |
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786 | (2) |
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788 | (4) |
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792 | (1) |
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793 | (4) |
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797 | (3) |
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800 | (1) |
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801 | (3) |
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OLG Bremen NJW 1953, 1393 |
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804 | (1) |
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805 | (3) |
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808 | (4) |
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812 | (2) |
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814 | (4) |
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818 | (3) |
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821 | (3) |
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824 | (3) |
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827 | (2) |
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829 | (3) |
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832 | (1) |
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832 | (5) |
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837 | (2) |
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839 | (2) |
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841 | (1) |
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842 | (2) |
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844 | (4) |
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848 | (2) |
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850 | (4) |
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854 | (3) |
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857 | (4) |
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861 | (4) |
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Appendix II German Civil Code---Extracts |
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865 | |
Other versions by this Author