Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare Empowering People (with InfoTrac),9780534608224

Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare Empowering People (with InfoTrac)

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Edition: 8th
ISBN13: 9780534608224
ISBN10: 0534608221
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2003-07-03
Publisher(s): Brooks Cole
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Summary

Part I: INTRODUCTION: SOCIAL WELFARE AND SOCIAL WORK. 1. Social Welfare: Its Business, History, and Future. 2. Social Work as a Profession and a Career. 3. Generalist Social Work Practice. Part II: SOCIAL PROBLEMS AND SOCIAL SERVICES. 4. Poverty and Public Welfare. 5. Emotional/Behavioral Problems and Counseling. 6. Family Problems and Services to Families. 7. Sexual Orientation, Sexual Concerns, and Sex Counseling. 8. Drug Abuse and Drug Treatment Programs. 9. Crime, Juvenile Delinquency, and Correctional Services. 10. Problems in Education and School Social Work. 11. Work-Related Problems and Social Work in the Workplace. 12. Racism, Ethnocentrism, and Strategies for Advancing Social and Economic Justice. 13. Sexism and Efforts for Achieving Equality. 14. Aging and Gerontological Services. 15. Health Problems and Medical Social Services. 16. Physical and Mental Disabilities and Rehabilitation. 17. Overpopulation, Misuse of the Environment, and Family Planning. Appendix. Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers.

Table of Contents

Preface xvii
PART 1 Introduction: Social Welfare and Social Work
1(124)
Social Welfare: Its Business, History, and Future
3(41)
Goal of Social Welfare
4(1)
Social Welfare as an Institution and as a Discipline
5(1)
Social Welfare's Relationship to Sociology and to Other Academic Disciplines
6(1)
Social Welfare's Relationship to Social Work
7(1)
Social Welfare's Relationship to Other Institutions
8(1)
Social Welfare's Relationship to Human Services
9(1)
Residual View versus Institutional View of Social Welfare
10(2)
Liberalism versus Conservatism
12(1)
Developmental View of Social Welfare
13(1)
History of Social Welfare
14(9)
Early European History
14(1)
The Elizabethan Poor Law
14(1)
The Industrial Revolution
15(1)
Turn of the 20th Century
16(1)
The Great Depression and the Social Security Act
16(2)
The Great Society and War on Poverty
18(2)
Conservatism in the 1970s and 1980s
20(1)
A Move toward Liberalism--and Back--in the 1990s
21(1)
The Devolution Revolution
22(1)
Compassionate Conservatism
22(1)
Where Do We Stand Today?
23(1)
The Future
23(1)
Dramatic Changes Foreseen in the American Family
24(17)
Biomedical Technology
24(8)
New Family Forms
32(7)
Concluding Comments
39(2)
Summary
41(1)
On the Internet
42(1)
Notes
42(2)
Social Work as a Profession and a Career
44(27)
A Brief History of Social Work
45(2)
A Multiskilled Profession
47(3)
A Problem-Solving Approach
50(1)
Generalist Social Work Practice
50(1)
Micro-, Mezzo-, and Macropractice
50(4)
Social Casework
50(1)
Case Management
50(1)
Group Work
51(2)
Group Therapy
53(1)
Family Therapy
53(1)
Community Organization
53(1)
Administration
53(1)
A Medical versus a Systems Model of Human Behavior
54(1)
An Ecological Model of Human Behavior
55(1)
Goals of Social Work Practice
56(2)
Goal 1: Enhance the Problem-Solving, Coping, and Developmental Capacities of People
56(1)
Goal 2: Link People with Systems That Provide Them with Resources, Services, and Opportunities
56(1)
Goal 3: Promote the Effectiveness and Humane Operation of Systems That Provide People with Resources and Services
57(1)
Goal 4: Develop and Improve Social Policy
57(1)
Goal 5: Enhance Human Well-Being and Alleviate Poverty, Oppression, and Other Forms of Social Injustice
57(1)
Goal 6: Pursue Policies, Services, and Resources through Advocacy and Social or Political Actions That Promote Social and Economic Justice
58(1)
Goal 7: Develop and Use Research, Knowledge, and Skills That Advance Social Work Practice
58(1)
Goal 8: Develop and Apply Practice in the Context of Diverse Cultures
58(1)
The Strengths Perspective and Empowerment
58(2)
Social Work Stereotypes
60(1)
Employment Settings and Opportunities in Social Work
60(2)
Private Practice of Social Work
62(1)
International Social Work
62(3)
Self-Awareness and Identity Development
65(3)
Identity Formation
65(1)
Questions for Arriving at a Sense of Identity
66(2)
Summary
68(1)
On the Internet
69(1)
Notes
69(2)
Generalist Social Work Practice
71(54)
Generalist Social Work Practice Defined
72(1)
The Change Process
73(4)
Phase 1: Engaging Clients in an Appropriate Working Relationship
73(1)
Phase 2: Identifying Issues, Problems, Needs, Resources, and Assets
73(1)
Phase 3: Collecting and Assessing Information
74(1)
Phase 4: Planning for Service Delivery
74(1)
Phase 5: Using Communication Skills, Supervision, and Consultation
74(1)
Phase 6: Identifying, Analyzing, and Implementing Empirically Based Interventions Designed to Achieve Client Goals
75(1)
Phase 7: Applying Empirical Knowledge and Technological Advances
76(1)
Phase 8: Evaluating Program Outcomes and Practice Effectiveness
76(1)
A Variety of Roles
77(2)
Social Work with Individuals
79(1)
Social Work with Families
79(3)
Family Problems
80(1)
Satir's Family Therapy Approach
80(2)
Social Work with Groups
82(9)
Social Work with Organizations
91(4)
Social Work with the Community
95(6)
A Brief History of Community Practice
96(1)
Models of Community Practice
97(4)
Knowledge, Skills, and Values for Social Work Practice
101(12)
Knowledge Base
101(3)
Skill Base
104(2)
Value Base
106(7)
Social Work Education
113(7)
Two-Year Associate Programs
113(3)
Undergraduate and Graduate Education
116(2)
Goals of Professional Social Work Education
118(1)
Objectives of Professional Social Work Education
118(2)
Summary
120(2)
On the Internet
122(1)
Notes
122(3)
PART 2 Social Problems and Social Services
125(478)
Poverty and Public Welfare
127(30)
The Problem
128(1)
A Brief History of Our Response to the Poor
128(4)
The Rich and the Poor
132(2)
Defining Poverty Is a Policy Problem
134(2)
Who Are the Poor?
136(2)
Causes of Poverty
138(1)
The Culture of Poverty
138(2)
Functions of Poverty
140(1)
Social Insurance Programs
141(1)
Old Age, Survivors, Disability, and Health Insurance (OASDHI)
141(1)
Medicare
141(1)
Unemployment Insurance
142(1)
Workers' Compensation Insurance
142(1)
Public Assistance Programs
142(6)
Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
143(1)
General Assistance
144(1)
Medicaid
144(1)
Food Stamps
144(1)
Housing Assistance
144(1)
Temporary Assistance to Needy Families
145(3)
Proposed Welfare Alternatives
148(3)
Offer Family Allowances
148(1)
Guarantee a Basic Annual Income
149(1)
Eliminate or Reduce the Causes of Poverty
150(1)
Social Work and Public Welfare
151(3)
Working with Discouraged People
151(1)
The Future
152(2)
Summary
154(1)
On the Internet
155(1)
Notes
155(2)
Emotional/Behavioral Problems and Counseling
157(35)
A Perspective on Emotional and Behavioral Problems
158(1)
Nature and Extent of Emotional and Behavioral Problems
159(1)
What Is Mental Illness?
159(9)
Medical Model
159(3)
Interactional Model
162(6)
Labeling as the Cause of Chronic ``Mental Illness''
168(1)
Other Issues
169(5)
The Homeless
169(1)
Civil Rights
170(1)
Plea of Innocent by Reason of Insanity
171(1)
Use of Psychotropic Drugs
172(1)
Managed Mental Health Care
172(2)
Social Structure and Mental Illness
174(2)
Treatment
176(2)
Brief History
176(2)
Current Trends
178(1)
Treatment Facilities: Community Mental Health Centers
178(1)
Social Work and Mental Health
179(1)
Counseling
180(9)
How to Counsel
180(4)
Comprehensive and Specialized Counseling Approaches
184(5)
Summary
189(1)
On the Internet
190(1)
Notes
190(2)
Family Problems and Services to Families
192(46)
Diverse Family Forms
193(1)
The American Family: Past and Present
194(3)
The Family in Preindustrial Society
194(1)
The Family in Industrial Society
195(2)
Problems in the Family
197(36)
Divorce
197(6)
Empty-Shell Marriages
203(1)
Violence in Families
204(14)
Sexual Abuse of Children
218(4)
Births Outside of Marriage
222(5)
Rape
227(6)
Summary
233(2)
On the Internet
235(1)
Notes
235(3)
Sexual Orientation, Sexual Concerns, and Sex Counseling
238(28)
Sex in History and in Other Cultures
239(4)
Formal Study of Sex
243(2)
Sigmund Freud
243(1)
Alfred Kinsey
243(1)
William Masters and Virginia Johnson
244(1)
Variances Rather Than Sexual Problems
245(1)
Sexual Orientation
246(12)
Some Definitions
246(1)
Myths and Facts about Gays and Lesbians
246(5)
Incidence of Homosexuality
251(1)
Causes of Sexual Orientation
251(1)
Life Experiences of Gays and Lesbians
252(4)
Current Issues for Gays and Lesbians
256(2)
Social Work with Gays and Lesbians
258(1)
Personal Sexual Concerns
258(1)
Sex Counseling and Sex Therapy
259(3)
Summary
262(2)
On the Internet
264(1)
Notes
264(2)
Drug Abuse and Drug Treatment Programs
266(39)
Drugs and Drug Abuse
267(1)
A Brief History of Our Drug-Taking Society
268(1)
Sociological Theories of Drug Abuse
269(2)
Anomie Theory
269(1)
Labeling Theory
270(1)
Differential Association
270(1)
Drug Subcultures
271(1)
Facts about and Effects of Commonly Used Drugs
271(20)
Depressants
271(11)
Stimulants
282(3)
Narcotics
285(3)
Hallucinogens
288(1)
Tobacco
288(1)
Marijuana
289(1)
Anabolic Steroids
290(1)
Rehabilitation Programs
291(6)
Alcohol Treatment Programs
291(2)
Other Drug Treatment Programs
293(4)
Understanding and Treating Codependency
297(1)
Suggestions for Curbing Drug Abuse in the Future
297(5)
Educational Programs
297(2)
Prevention of Illegal Drug Trafficking Across Borders
299(1)
Employee Drug-Testing Programs
299(1)
Stricter Laws and Enforcement
300(1)
Decriminalization of Drug Use
300(1)
The British Approach
301(1)
Summary
302(1)
On the Internet
303(1)
Notes
303(2)
Crime, Juvenile Delinquency, and Correctional Services
305(43)
Nature and Extent of Crime
306(4)
What Is Crime?
306(1)
How Extensive Is Crime?
306(1)
Who Is Arrested?
307(1)
How Accurate Are Official Crime Statistics?
308(2)
Crime Causation Theories
310(8)
Early Theories
310(2)
Physical and Mental Trait Theories
312(1)
Psychological Theories
313(1)
Sociological Theories
314(4)
Usefulness of Theories
318(1)
Types of Crime
318(8)
Organized Crime
318(2)
White-Collar Crime
320(2)
Public-Order Crimes
322(1)
Sex Offenses
322(1)
Homicide and Assault
323(1)
Theft
323(2)
Juvenile Delinquency
325(1)
The Criminal Justice System
326(8)
The Police
327(1)
The Courts
328(1)
Correctional Systems
329(5)
How to Reduce Crime and Delinquency
334(6)
Increasing or Decreasing Sentences
335(2)
Reforming the Correctional System
337(3)
Preventing Crime
340(1)
Social Work and the Criminal Justice System
340(5)
Role of Social Work
340(4)
Factors Influencing Treatment
344(1)
Summary
345(1)
On the Internet
346(1)
Notes
346(2)
Problems in Education and School Social Work
348(30)
Problematic Areas in Education
349(9)
The Question of Quality
349(2)
Equal Access to Quality Education
351(4)
Confusion about the Goals of Education
355(1)
Intolerable Working Conditions for Some Teachers
356(2)
Strategies to Improve Education
358(4)
Increase Incentives for Teachers
358(1)
Improve the Curriculum
358(2)
Allow Parental Choice of Schools
360(1)
Extend the School Year
361(1)
Expand Preschool Programs
361(1)
Toward Equal Educational Opportunity
362(3)
Reform of School Financing
362(1)
Compensatory Education
362(2)
Effective Integration
364(1)
School Social Workers: A Response to Crisis
365(10)
The Nature of Behavior
365(1)
Traditional School Social Work Roles
366(2)
Newer School Social Work Roles
368(7)
Summary
375(1)
On the Internet
376(1)
Notes
376(2)
Work-Related Problems and Social Work in the Workplace
378(27)
A Brief History of Work
379(1)
Trends in the American Workforce
380(5)
Increase in White-Collar Workers
381(1)
Emergence of an Employee Society
381(1)
Specialization
381(1)
Changes in the Sex and Age of the Labor Force
382(1)
Emphasis on Intrinsic Rewards
382(1)
Emphasis on High Technology
382(1)
The Growth of Low-Paying Jobs
383(1)
Outsourcing in a Global Factory
384(1)
Problems in the Work Setting
385(11)
Alienation
385(4)
Unemployment
389(5)
Occupational Health Hazards
394(2)
Social Work in the Workplace
396(5)
A Brief History
396(1)
The Present Status of Social Work in the Workplace
397(1)
Employee Assistance Programs
398(3)
Summary
401(2)
On the Internet
403(1)
Notes
403(2)
Racism, Ethnocentrism, and Strategies for Advancing Social and Economic Justice
405(37)
Ethnic Groups and Ethnocentrism
406(1)
Race and Racism
406(1)
Prejudice, Discrimination, and Oppression
407(6)
Racial and Ethnic Stereotypes
408(1)
Racial and Ethnic Discrimination
408(1)
Race as a Social Concept
409(1)
Institutional Racism and Institutional Discrimination
410(1)
Causes of Racial Discrimination and Oppression
411(2)
The Effects and Costs of Discrimination and Oppression
413(1)
Background of Racial Groups
414(10)
African Americans
415(3)
Latinos
418(4)
Native Americans
422(1)
Asian Americans
423(1)
Strategies for Advancing Social and Economic Justice
424(7)
Mass Media Appeals
424(1)
Greater Interaction among the Races
425(1)
Civil Rights Laws
425(1)
Activism
425(1)
School Busing
426(1)
Affirmative Action Programs
427(2)
Confrontation of Racist and Ethnic Remarks and Actions
429(1)
Minority-Owned Businesses
429(1)
Confrontation of the Problems in Inner Cities
429(2)
Grassroots Organizations
431(1)
Ethnic-Sensitive Social Work Practice
431(4)
Empowerment
431(1)
Strengths Perspective
432(1)
Culturally Competent Practice
433(2)
The Future of American Race and Ethnic Relations
435(3)
Summary
438(1)
On the Internet
439(1)
Notes
439(3)
Sexism and Efforts for Achieving Equality
442(31)
History of Sex Roles and Sexism
443(4)
Sexual Harassment
447(2)
Traditional Sex-Role Expectations
449(1)
Is There a Biological Basis for Sexism?
450(1)
Sex-Role Socialization
451(3)
Consequences of Sexism
454(4)
Effects on Occupation and Income
454(2)
Effects on Human Interactions
456(2)
Recent Developments and a Look to the Future
458(3)
Sexism and Social Work
461(6)
Social Work's Response to Women's Issues
461(1)
The Feminist Perspective on Therapy
462(5)
Future Directions of the Women's Movement
467(2)
Summary
469(1)
On the Internet
470(1)
Notes
470(3)
Aging and Gerontological Services
473(32)
An Overview
474(1)
A ``Recently Discovered'' Minority Group
474(2)
Definitions of Later Adulthood
476(3)
An Increasing Elderly Population
477(1)
The ``Old Old''--The Fastest-Growing Age Group
478(1)
Problems Faced by the Elderly
479(15)
Low Status
479(1)
Early Retirement
479(5)
Societal Emphasis on Youth
484(1)
Health Problems and Costs of Health Care
484(1)
Financial Problems
485(1)
Loss of Family and Friends
486(1)
Substandard Housing
486(1)
Transportation
486(1)
Crime Victimization
486(1)
Sexuality in Later Adulthood
487(3)
Malnutrition
490(1)
Depression and Other Emotional Problems
490(1)
Death
491(3)
Parent Abuse
494(1)
Current Services
494(4)
Older Americans Act of 1965
495(1)
Nursing Homes
496(2)
Social Work and the Elderly
498(1)
The Emergence of the Elderly as a Powerful Political Force
499(1)
Development of Social Roles for the Elderly
499(2)
Preparation for Later Adulthood
501(1)
Summary
502(1)
On the Internet
503(1)
Notes
503(2)
Health Problems and Medical Social Services
505(33)
Physical Illnesses and the Health-Care System
506(1)
Problems in Health Care
507(15)
Service Orientation versus Profit Orientation
507(1)
Emphasis on Treatment Rather Than on Prevention
508(3)
Unequal Access to Health Services
511(1)
Low-Quality Health Care for the Elderly
512(1)
AIDS
513(5)
Unnecessary or Harmful Care
518(2)
Controversy over the Use of Life-Sustaining Equipment
520(1)
The High Cost of Medical Care
520(2)
Financing Medical Care
522(1)
Medicaid
522(1)
Medicare
522(1)
Private Insurance
523(1)
Improving the Current System
523(4)
Holding Down Costs
524(1)
Preventative Medicine and Managed Care
524(1)
Additional Health-Care Proposals
525(2)
Establishing a National Health Insurance Program in the United States
527(1)
Medical Social Work
527(4)
Counseling the Terminally Ill
531(3)
Summary
534(2)
On the Internet
536(1)
Notes
536(2)
Physical and Mental Disabilities and Rehabilitation
538(26)
History of Rehabilitation Practices
539(3)
Developmental Disabilities
542(4)
Autism
542(1)
Cognitive Disability
542(4)
Society's Reactions to Disabilities
546(1)
Current Services
547(3)
Rehabilitation Centers
547(1)
Educational Programs
548(1)
Residential Programs
549(1)
Day-Care Centers
549(1)
Hospital Services
549(1)
Home Services
549(1)
Federal and State Assistance Programs
549(1)
Roles of Social Workers
550(4)
Counseling Clients
551(1)
Counseling Families
551(1)
Taking Social Histories
551(1)
Serving as Case Manager
551(1)
Serving as Liaison between the Family and the Agency
551(3)
Being a Broker
554(1)
Doing Discharge Planning
554(1)
Reactions to Having a Disability
554(7)
The Grieving Process
555(4)
Facilitating the Grieving Process
559(2)
Summary
561(1)
On the Internet
562(1)
Notes
562(2)
Overpopulation, Misuse of the Environment, and Family Planning
564(39)
The Population Crisis
565(12)
Doubling Time and Population Growth
565(1)
Doubling Time and Developing Countries
565(2)
An Optimal Population Size
567(1)
Problems of Overpopulation
568(6)
The Theory of Demographic Transition
574(1)
Problem Attitudes and Values
574(1)
Two Countries with Severe Population Problems
575(2)
Environmental Problems
577(6)
Despoilment of the Land
577(1)
Waste Disposal
578(1)
Air Pollution
579(1)
Radioactive Leaks from Nuclear Power Plants
580(1)
Nuclear War
580(2)
Water Pollution
582(1)
Acid Rain
582(1)
General Pollutants
582(1)
What Needs to Be Done
583(14)
Confronting Overpopulation
584(1)
The Abortion Controversy
585(5)
Providing Family Planning Services
590(3)
Confronting Environmental Problems
593(4)
Social Work and Family Planning
597(1)
Summary
598(2)
On the Internet
600(1)
Notes
600(3)
Epilogue: Your Future in Combating Human Problems 603(1)
Appendix: Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers 604(14)
Photo Credits 618(2)
Name Index 620(8)
Subject Index 628

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