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Summary
A step-by-step text on the basic tests performed in soil mechanics, Introduction to Soil Mechanics Laboratory Testing provides procedural aids and elucidates industry standards. It also covers how to properly present data and document results. Containing numerical examples and figures, the information presented is based on American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards, and US Army Corps of Engineers engineering manuals.The authors discuss the different methods of in situ field methods and ex situ laboratory methods of soil description and identification. They present equations for the physical properties of soil and laboratory methods of soil classification. They also discuss tests for the interaction of soil and water, and hydraulic conductivity and consolidation. These tests produce information useful in the identification and characterization of soil samples and their engineering behaviors.A comprehensive resource, the book describes the evaluation of physical properties of soils, including mass, weight, unit weight, and mass density of the soil mass and its component phases. These properties are then expanded to define a number of weight and volumetric relationships. The book also discusses tests used in the evaluation of the density-water content relationships in soils and in the evaluation of the quality of compaction operations. These features and more make this book an excellent guide for testing soils.
Table of Contents
| Preface | p. ix |
| Acknowledgments | p. xi |
| List of symbols | p. xiii |
| In situ methods | p. 1 |
| In situ soil description and identification | p. 2 |
| Particle size | p. 2 |
| Dry strength | p. 3 |
| Shape and mineralogical composition of coarse-grained soils | p. 3 |
| Moisture | p. 3 |
| Color | p. 4 |
| Consistency | p. 4 |
| Odor | p. 5 |
| Structure | p. 5 |
| In situ soil investigation | p. 6 |
| The importance of proper geotechnical investigation | p. 6 |
| Soil sampling | p. 7 |
| In situ testing | p. 11 |
| Standard penetration test | p. 13 |
| Cone penetration test | p. 15 |
| Vane shear test | p. 15 |
| Pressuremeter test | p. 15 |
| Geophysical exploration | p. 18 |
| Recording soil exploration results | p. 20 |
| References | p. 22 |
| Physical properties | p. 23 |
| Weight-volume relations | p. 24 |
| Phase diagram | p. 24 |
| Compilation of typical values for soils | p. 27 |
| Water displacement method for the evaluation of soil unit weight | p. 28 |
| Gravimetric moisture content determination using oven drying | p. 31 |
| Alternative gravimetric moisture content determination methods | p. 33 |
| Moisture content determination using microwave oven drying (ASTM standard D4643) | p. 33 |
| Moisture content determination using the calcium carbide gas pressure tester (ASTM standard D4944) | p. 34 |
| Specific gravity | p. 36 |
| Sample calculations | p. 39 |
| References | p. 42 |
| Soil classification | p. 43 |
| Sieve analysis of soils | p. 44 |
| Introduction | p. 44 |
| Test description | p. 45 |
| Sample data and calculations | p. 48 |
| Hydrometer analysis | p. 51 |
| Introduction | p. 51 |
| Principle of analysis | p. 51 |
| Correction factors | p. 56 |
| Analysis procedure | p. 57 |
| Sample calculations | p. 60 |
| Combined grain size distribution | p. 63 |
| Introduction | p. 63 |
| Computations | p. 63 |
| Report | p. 64 |
| Atterberg limits | p. 65 |
| Introduction | p. 65 |
| Liquid limit test | p. 67 |
| Plastic limit test | p. 70 |
| Shrinkage limit | p. 70 |
| Report | p. 73 |
| Sources of error | p. 74 |
| Typical data | p. 74 |
| Sample calculations | p. 75 |
| Soil classification systems | p. 77 |
| Unified soil classification system | p. 77 |
| Procedure | p. 78 |
| Sample calculations | p. 78 |
| American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) classification system | p. 78 |
| Sample calculations | p. 81 |
| References | p. 85 |
| Soil construction and field inspection | p. 87 |
| Compaction test | p. 88 |
| Introduction | p. 88 |
| Sample data and calculations | p. 94 |
| Typical values | p. 95 |
| Field inspection | p. 96 |
| Introduction | p. 96 |
| Sand-cone test | p. 96 |
| Rubber-balloon-density test | p. 97 |
| Nuclear density test | p. 98 |
| Sand-cone method | p. 98 |
| Sample data and calculations | p. 101 |
| Balloon-density method | p. 102 |
| Sample data and calculations | p. 105 |
| Nuclear density method | p. 106 |
| References | p. 115 |
| Engineering properties - hydraulic conductivity and consolidation | p. 117 |
| Hydraulic conductivity of soils | p. 118 |
| Introduction | p. 118 |
| Hydraulic conductivity tests | p. 120 |
| Constant-head permeability test | p. 122 |
| Falling-head permeability test | p. 127 |
| Sample data and calculations | p. 130 |
| Consolidation of soils | p. 133 |
| Introduction | p. 133 |
| The consolidation test | p. 134 |
| Determination of geotechnical engineering parameters | p. 138 |
| Calculations | p. 143 |
| Summary of results | p. 146 |
| Typical values | p. 147 |
| Sample data and calculations | p. 148 |
| References | p. 158 |
| Engineering properties - shear strength | p. 159 |
| Direct shear test | p. 160 |
| Introduction | p. 161 |
| Procedure | p. 163 |
| Data reduction | p. 165 |
| Presentation of results | p. 166 |
| Sample data and calculations | p. 168 |
| Unconfined compression test | p. 171 |
| Introduction | p. 171 |
| The unconfined compression test | p. 172 |
| Calculations | p. 174 |
| Presentation of results | p. 175 |
| Sample data and calculations | p. 175 |
| Triaxial test | p. 179 |
| Introduction | p. 180 |
| Equipment | p. 182 |
| Test procedure | p. 185 |
| Electronic monitoring | p. 188 |
| Conclusion | p. 189 |
| Calculations and results | p. 189 |
| Sample data and calculations | p. 191 |
| References | p. 205 |
| Notes on report writing | p. 207 |
| Properties and conversion tables | p. 215 |
| Index | p. 219 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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