Life Span, The: Human Development for Helping Professionals,9780131706842

Life Span, The: Human Development for Helping Professionals

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Edition: 2nd
ISBN13: 9780131706842
ISBN10: 0131706845
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2008-04-24
Publisher(s): Prentice Hall
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Summary

The first developmental book written specifically for helping professionals,The Life Span: Human Development for Helping Professionals, Second Edition,provides an in-depth look at developmental theories and how they apply to the fields of counseling, social work and psychology. Using counseling applications, case studies, special topics boxes, and journal questions, the text introduces developmental theories and research within the context of clinical practice. This edition features a new chapter on well-being in adulthood, expanded counseling applications sections, current research on developmental psychopathology and prevention science, and a book-specific companion website.

Table of Contents

Organizing Themes in Development
1(32)
Reflection and Action
1(2)
The Gap Between Science and Practice
2(1)
The Big Picture: Models and Metaphors
3(17)
Stage Models
3(8)
Incremental Models
11(2)
Multidimensional Models
13(7)
Applying Models and Metaphors
20(1)
Major Issues in Development
21(6)
Nature and Nurture
22(1)
Critical Periods and Plasticity
23(1)
Continuity and Discontinuity
24(1)
Universality and Specificity
24(1)
Qualitative and Quantitative Change
25(1)
Activity and Passivity
26(1)
Applications
27(2)
Some Rules of Thumb
28(1)
Summary
29(2)
Case Study
31(1)
Journal Questions
32(1)
Key Terms
32(1)
Heredity, Environment, and the Beginnings of Human Life
33(33)
The Nature-Nurture Illusion
33(1)
Mechanisms of Genetic Influence: How Do Genes Work?
34(9)
Biological Inheritance
34(2)
How Genes Influence Traits
36(3)
The Inheritance of Sex
39(1)
Hereditary Diseases
40(3)
Explaining Behavior: Focus on Genetics
43(3)
Molecular Genetics
43(1)
Behavior Genetics
44(1)
Genetic Influences on Environments
45(1)
Shifting Focus to the Coaction of Genes and Environment
46(6)
Unexpected Sources of Environmental Effects
46(1)
The Case for Coaction
47(3)
The Epigenetic Model: A Multidimensional Perspective
50(2)
Healthy Prenatal Development
52(7)
Genetic Interventions
53(1)
Environmental Influences on Prenatal Development
53(6)
Applications
59(3)
Genetic Counseling
59(1)
Healthy Baby Guidelines
60(1)
Helping the Most Vulnerable: Preterm and Low-Birth-Weight (LBW) Babies
60(2)
Summary
62(2)
Case Study
64(1)
Journal Questions
64(1)
Key Terms
64(2)
Neural and Cognitive Development in the Early Years
66(42)
The Brain
66(8)
Early Prenatal Brain Development
66(4)
Structure and Function of Neurons
70(1)
Later Prenatal Brain Development
71(1)
Postnatal Brain Development
72(2)
Sensory and Motor Development
74(1)
Cognitive Development
74(25)
Piaget's Constructivist Theory
74(5)
Infant Cognition: The Sensorimotor Stage
79(6)
Preschoolers' Cognition: The Preoperational Stage
85(10)
Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory
95(4)
Applications
99(4)
Sharing the Wealth: Providing Knowledge About Child Development to Caregivers
100(1)
Play Therapy: Helping the Youngest Clients
100(2)
Lessons from Piaget and Vygotsky
102(1)
Summary
103(2)
Case Study
105(1)
Journal Questions
106(1)
Key Terms
106(2)
Emotional Development in the Early Years
108(36)
Theories of Emotions: The State of the Art
108(3)
Functions of Emotions
109(1)
Basic Emotions: Do They Exist?
110(1)
Theories and Sequence of Emotional Development
111(1)
Early Caregiver--Infant Interactions and Emotion Development
111(6)
Emotional Regulation
112(2)
Infants of Depressed Mothers
114(1)
Neurobiology of Early Social Bonding
114(3)
Attachment: Early Social Relationships
117(20)
Attachment Quality
121(2)
Maternal Care and Attachment Quality: Linking Mother's Sensitivity to Infant Security
123(1)
Beyond Maternal Caregiving: Other Influences on Relationship Quality
124(5)
Variations in Attachment Relationships
129(3)
The Importance of Early Attachments
132(3)
Working Models of Attachment
135(1)
Parenting Practices Versus Relationship Quality in Infant Development
135(2)
Applications
137(3)
Infant Mental Health
137(1)
The Day Care Dilemma
138(2)
Summing Up
140(1)
Summary
140(2)
Case Study
142(1)
Journal Questions
143(1)
Key Terms
143(1)
The Emerging Self and Socialization in the Early Years
144(30)
The Self-System: Traditional Conceptions
144(3)
The Early Development of the Self-System
147(5)
The Beginnings of the ``I'' and the ``Me''
147(4)
Roots of Self-Control and Self-Regulation
151(1)
Early Socialization: Parenting and the Development of the Self-System
152(11)
The Dimensions of Parenting Style
153(1)
Four Parenting Styles
154(2)
Parenting Style and Child Outcomes
156(1)
Parenting Practices: Methods of Control
156(3)
Moderators of Parenting and Parenting Effectiveness
159(4)
Conscience: The Beginnings of a Moral Self
163(3)
Applications
166(4)
Building a Self Through the Attachment Relationship
166(1)
The Emotionally Constricted Self
166(1)
The Emotionally Volatile Self
167(1)
Why Train Parents?
168(1)
How Does Parent Training Work?
168(1)
Forewarned Is Forearmed
169(1)
The Flexible Work of Parenting
169(1)
Summary
170(2)
Case Study
172(1)
Journal Questions
172(1)
Key Terms
172(2)
Realms of Cognition in Middle Childhood
174(36)
Physical and Brain-Related Changes
175(1)
Cognitive Development
176(18)
Piaget's Stage of Concrete Operations
176(4)
An Alternative Perspective: The Information Processing Approach
180(1)
Cognitive Achievements: Memory and Attention
180(9)
Cognitive Achievements: Number and Math Skills
189(3)
Cognitive Achievements: Problem-Solving Progress
192(2)
Social Cognition
194(7)
Perspective Taking and Social Relationships
196(1)
Perspective Taking and Friendship Development
196(2)
Selman's Stages of Friendship Development
198(3)
Applications
201(5)
Assessing and Teaching Metacognitive Skills
202(1)
Paths to Healthy Development
203(1)
Learning the Skills of Friendship
204(2)
Summary
206(1)
Case Study
207(1)
Journal Questions
208(1)
Key Terms
208(2)
Self and Moral Development: Middle Childhood Through Early Adolescence
210(32)
Self-Concept
211(7)
The Development of Self-Concept
211(1)
The Structure of Self-Concept
212(2)
Influences on the Development of Self-Concept
214(2)
Gender, Racial, and Ethnic Differences
216(2)
The Moral Self
218(18)
Elements of Morality
219(1)
Some Classic Theories of Moral Development
220(6)
Children's Prosocial Behavior
226(4)
Children's Antisocial Behavior
230(6)
Applications
236(3)
Where Do We Start?
236(1)
What Do Schemas Have to Do with It?
237(1)
Self-Concept, Perceived Competence, and the Looking Glass
237(1)
An ``Inside'' Job
238(1)
Moral Development: Putting Flesh on the Bone
238(1)
Summary
239(1)
Case Study
240(1)
Journal Questions
241(1)
Key Terms
241(1)
Gender and Peer Relationships: Middle Childhood Through Early Adolescence
242(36)
Sex Role Development
243(17)
Gender Identity
244(5)
Gender and Behavior
249(11)
Peer Relationships
260(11)
The Peer Group, Social Competence, and Social Skills
261(1)
Analysis of the World of Peers
262(1)
Measurement of Individuals Within the Peer Group
263(1)
Individual Characteristics Related to Sociometric Status
264(3)
Gender and Cultural Differences
267(1)
Stability of Categories and Outcomes
267(1)
Measurement of the Peer Group: Another Level of Analysis
268(1)
Why Do Cliques Form?
269(1)
Peer Groups' Influence on Behavior
269(2)
Applications
271(3)
Assess Carefully
271(1)
Skills Are Not Enough
272(1)
Include the Peer Group
272(1)
Treat the System
273(1)
Gender and Risk
273(1)
Summary
274(2)
Case Study
276(1)
Journal Questions
276(1)
Key Terms
277(1)
Physical, Cognitive, and Identity Development in Adolescence
278(36)
Physical Development
279(12)
Puberty: The Adolescent Metamorphosis
279(1)
A Glandular Awakening
279(9)
The Changing Brain
288(3)
Cognitive Development
291(6)
Formal Operational Thought
292(1)
Scientific Problem Solving
293(2)
Constructing Ideals
295(1)
Advances in Metacognitive Skill: Thinking About Thought
296(1)
Identity Development
297(10)
Some Basic Considerations
297(1)
Adolescent Identity Development
298(1)
Identity Status
299(1)
Assessment of Identity Domains
300(1)
Developmental Sequence in Identity Formation
300(1)
Identity Crisis: Truth or Fiction?
301(1)
Identity Development and Diverse Groups
302(5)
Applications
307(3)
Growing Pains
307(1)
Navigating Special Challenges
307(1)
Stages: Pros and Cons
308(1)
Sexuality in Adolescence
309(1)
The Path Ahead
310(1)
Summary
310(2)
Case Study
312(1)
Journal Questions
312(1)
Key Terms
313(1)
The Social World of Adolescence
314(29)
Frameworklessness and Autonomy: A Model of Adolescent Social Identity
314(3)
The Peer Arena
315(2)
The Structure of the Peer Network
317(1)
The Role of Parents
318(5)
Parents, Peers, and Ethnicity
322(1)
The Role of School
323(2)
Leisure and Work
325(2)
Media and the Consumer Culture
327(2)
Risky Behavior and Social Deviance
329(5)
Setting the Stage for Risk Taking
331(2)
Society's Role in Adolescent Problem Behavior: Then and Now
333(1)
Applications
334(6)
The Personal Meaning of Risk
334(2)
The Power of Parents and Peers
336(1)
It Takes a Village
337(3)
Summary
340(1)
Case Study
341(1)
Journal Questions
342(1)
Key Terms
342(1)
Physical and Cognitive Development in Young Adulthood
343(26)
Physical Development in Young Adulthood
346(2)
Reaching Peak Physical Status
346(2)
The Changing Brain
348(1)
Cognitive Development in Young Adulthood
348(14)
Logical Thinking: Is There Qualitative Change?
349(1)
Schaie's View of Adults Adjusting to Environmental Pressures
350(2)
Postformal Thought
352(10)
Applications
362(4)
Putting Things Off
363(1)
Painful Passages
364(1)
Growth and Change in Professionals' Epistemology
365(1)
Summary
366(1)
Case Study
367(1)
Journal Questions
367(1)
Key Terms
368(1)
Socioemotional and Vocational Development in Young Adulthood
369(35)
``Lieben''---To Love
370(13)
Adult Attachment Theory
370(1)
Research Traditions in Adult Attachment
370(4)
The Peer/Romantic Relationship Tradition
374(9)
``Arbeiten''---To Work
383(14)
Some Theories of the Career Development Process
383(3)
The Realities of Career Development in Young Adulthood
386(8)
Work and the Development of Self-Concept
394(3)
Applications
397(3)
Attachment in Counseling Contexts
397(1)
Attachment Applied to Couples and Families
398(1)
Caveats
398(1)
The Counselor's Working Model
398(1)
The Importance of Work
399(1)
Building Self-Efficacy
399(1)
Adjusting to the World of Work
400(1)
Summary
400(2)
Case Study
402(1)
Journal Questions
403(1)
Key Terms
403(1)
Middle Adulthood: Cognitive, Personality, and Social Development
404(38)
Life Span Developmental Theory
405(4)
Gains and Losses in Development: The Changing Architecture of Biology and Culture
405(2)
Development as Growth, Maintenance, and Regulation of Loss
407(1)
Defining Successful Development at Any Age
408(1)
Influences on Adult Development: Sources of Stability
409(2)
The Link to Temperament
410(1)
Influences on Adult Development: Sources of Change
411(10)
Age-Graded Changes
411(8)
History-Graded Changes
419(1)
Nonnormative Changes
420(1)
Key Developmental Tasks of Midlife: The Continuing Pursuit of Intimacy and Generativity
421(14)
Intimacy: Marriage and Other Primary Relationships
421(8)
Generativity: Making a Mark at Midlife
429(6)
Applications
435(3)
Adult Commitments
435(2)
Out of Work
437(1)
Off-Time
438(1)
Summary
438(2)
Case Study
440(1)
Journal Questions
441(1)
Key Terms
441(1)
Living Well: Stress, Coping, and Life Satisfaction in Adulthood
442(24)
Life Satisfaction: What Is a Well-Lived Life?
444(7)
Worldly Goods and Well-Being
444(2)
Personality and Well-Being
446(1)
Relationships and Well-Being
446(1)
Work, Achievement, Generativity, and Well-Being
447(1)
Universal Needs and Values and Well-Being
448(1)
The Importance of Meaning
448(3)
Stress, Coping, and Well-Being in Midlife
451(9)
Stress: A Review
453(1)
Diathesis and Stress
454(1)
Stressors and the Body-Mind
455(1)
Stress Management
456(2)
Wellness
458(1)
The Affectivity Connection
458(2)
Applications
460(3)
Mindfulness
460(2)
Forgiveness
462(1)
Self-Compassion
462(1)
Summary
463(1)
Case Study
464(1)
Journal Questions
464(1)
Key Terms
465(1)
Gains and Losses in Late Adulthood
466(34)
Aging Well
467(14)
Challenge and Loss in Late Adulthood
467(6)
Maintaining Well-Being in the Face of Loss: Successful Aging
473(8)
Experiencing Loss
481(12)
Death and Dying
481(5)
Bereavement
486(7)
Applications
493(4)
A Good Fit: Adaptations for Counselors
493(1)
Healthy Aging and Prevention
493(1)
When Losses Occur
494(1)
Integrity: The Life Cycle Completed
495(2)
Summary
497(1)
Case Study
498
Journal Questions
497(2)
Key Terms
499(1)
Appendix: A Practitioner's Guide to Psychological Science 500
Glossary 1(1)
References 1(1)
Author Index 1(1)
Subject Index 1

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