| Preface for Students: Using This Book | |
| Preface for Instructors | |
| The Writing Process | |
| Assessing the Writing Situation | |
| Understanding how writing happens | |
| Analyzing the writing situation | |
| Discovering and limiting a subject | |
| Defining a purpose | |
| Considering the audience | |
| Developing and Shaping Ideas | |
| Discovering ideas | |
| Developing a thesis | |
| Organizing ideas Sample essay | |
| Drafting and Revising | |
| Writing the first draft | |
| Revising the first draft | |
| Examining a sample revision | |
| Editing the revised draft | |
| Preparing and proofReading the final draft | |
| Examining a sample final draft | |
| Giving and receiving comments | |
| Preparing a writing portfolio | |
| Writing and Revising Paragraphs | |
| Maintaining paragraph unity | |
| Achieving paragraph coherence | |
| Developing the paragraph | |
| Writing special kinds of paragraphs | |
| Linking paragraphs in the essay | |
| Designing Documents | |
| Designing academic papers and other documents | |
| Considering principles of design | |
| Using the elements of design | |
| Using illustrations | |
| Considering readers with disabilities | |
| Reading And Writing In College | |
| Developing Academic Skills | |
| Managing your time | |
| Listening and taking notes in class | |
| Reading for comprehension | |
| Becoming an academic writer | |
| Preparing for exams | |
| Forming a Critical Perspective | |
| Using techniques of critical Reading | |
| Developing a critical response | |
| Viewing images critically | |
| Writing in Academic Situations | |
| Writing in response to texts | |
| Determining purpose | |
| Analyzing audience | |
| Choosing structure and content | |
| Using academic language | |
| Examining sample critical responses | |
| Sample critique of a text | |
| Sample critique of an image | |
| Reading Arguments Critically | |
| Recognizing the elements of argument | |
| Testing claims | |
| Weighing evidence | |
| Discovering assumptions | |
| Watching language, hearing tone | |
| Judging reasonableness | |
| Recognizing fallacies | |
| Writing an Argument | |
| Finding a subject | |
| Conceiving a thesis statement | |
| Analyzing your purpose and your audience | |
| Using reason | |
| Using evidence | |
| Reaching your readers | |
| Organizing your argument | |
| Revising your argument | |
| Examining a sample argument | |
| Reading and Using Visual Arguments | |
| Reading visual arguments critically | |
| Using visual arguments effectively | |
| Grammatical Sentences | |
| Understanding Sentence Grammar | |
| Understanding the basic sentence | |
| Expanding the basic sentence with single words | |
| Expanding the basic sentence with word groups | |
| Compounding words, phrases, and clauses | |
| Changing the usual word order | |
| Classifying sentences | |
| Case of Nouns and Pronouns | |
| Compound subjects and complements | |
| Compound objects | |
| Weorus with a noun | |
| Appositives | |
| Pronoun afterthan oras in a comparison | |
| Subjects and objects of infinitives | |
| Who whom | |
| Case before a gerund | |
| Verbs Verb Forms | |
| Regular and irregular verbs | |
| Sit and set lie andlay rise andraise | |
| Omitted-s and-ed endings | |
| Helping verbs | |
| Verb plus gerund or infinitive | |
| Verb plus Particle Tense | |
| Appropriate tense for meaning | |
| Sequence of tenses Mood | |
| Subjunctive verb forms Voice | |
| Active vs passive voice | |
| Agreement | |
| Agreement between subject and verb | |
| Agreement between pronoun and antecedent | |
| Adjectives and Adverbs | |
| Adjectives only with nouns and pronouns | |
| Adjectives after linking verbs | |
| Adjectives with objects adverbs with verbs | |
| Comparative and superlative forms | |
| Double negatives | |
| Overuse of nouns as modifiers | |
| Present and past Participles as adjectives | |
| A, an, the, and other determiners | |
| Clear Sentences | |
| Sentence Fragments | |
| Tests for sentence completeness revision of fragments | |
| Subordinate clause | |
| Verbal or prepositional phrase | |
| Other fragments | |
| Acceptable uses of incomplete sentences | |
| Comma Splices and Fused Sentences Comma Splices | |
| Main clauses not joined by coordinating conjunction | |
| Main clauses related by a conjunctive adverb or transitional expression Fused Sentences | |
| Main clauses with no conjunction or punctuation | |
| Pronoun Reference | |
| Clear reference to one antecedent | |
| Clear placement of pronoun and antecedent | |
| Reference to specific antecedent | |
| Indefinite use ofyou | |
| Clear use ofit | |
| Appropriate use ofwho, which, that | |
| Shifts | |
| Person and number | |
| Tense and mood | |
| Subject and voice | |
| Indirect and direct quotations and questions | |
| Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers Misplaced Modifiers | |
| Clear placement of modifiers | |
| Limiting modifiers | |
| Squinting modifiers | |
| Separation of subjects, verbs, and objects | |
| Separation of Parts of infinitives or verb phrases | |
| Position of adverbs | |
| Order of adjectives Dangling modifiers | |
| Dangling modifiers | |
| Mixed and Incomplete Sentences | |
| Mixed Sentences | |
| Mixed grammar | |
| Mixed meaning (faulty predication) | |
| Incomplete Sentences | |
| Compound constructions | |
| Comparisons | |
| Careless omissions | |
| Effective Sentences | |
| Emphasizing Ideas | |
| Using subjects and verbs effectively | |
| Using sentence beginnings and endings | |
| Arranging parallel elements effectively | |
| Repeating ideas | |
| Separating ideas | |
| Being concise | |
| Using Coordination and Subordination | |
| Coordinating to relate equal ideas | |
| Subordinating to distinguish main ideas | |
| Choosing clear connectors | |
| Using Parallelism | |
| Using parallelism for coordinate elements | |
| Using parallelism to increase coherence | |
| Achieving Variety | |
| Varying sentence length and structure | |
| Varying sentence beginnings | |
| Inverting the normal word order | |
| Mixing types of sentences | |
| Punctuation Chart | |
| End Punctuation | |
| The period | |
| The question mark | |
| The exclamation point | |
| The Comma | |
| Main clauses linked by coordinating conjunction | |
| Introductory elements | |
| Nonessential elements | |
| Absolute phrases | |
| Phrases expressing contrast | |
| Series and coordinate adjectives | |
| Dates, addresses, place names, long numbers | |
| With quotations | |
| To prevent misReading | |
| Misuse and overuse | |
| The Semicolon | |
| Main clauses not joined by a coordinating conjunction | |
| Main clauses related by a conjunctive adverb or transitional expression | |
| Main clauses that are complicated or contain commas | |
| Series items that are long or contain commas | |
| Misuse and overuse | |
| The Apostrophe | |
| Possession | |
| Misuse with noun plurals, verbs, and personal pronouns | |
| Contractions | |
| Plurals of abbreviations, dates, and words or characters named as words | |
| Quotation Marks Chart | |
| Direct quotations | |
| Quotation within a quotation | |
| Dialog | |
| Titles of songs, short stories, etc | |
| Words used in a special sense | |
| Overuse | |
| Placement with other quotation marks | |
| Other Punctuation Marks | |
| The colon | |
| The dash | |
| Parentheses | |
| Brackets | |
| The ellipsis mark | |
| The slash | |
| Mechanics | |
| Capitals | |
| First word of a sentence | |
| Titles of works | |
| Pronoun I and interjectionO | |
| Proper nouns and adjectives | |
| Titles before proper names | |
| Misuses of capitals | |
| Italics or Underlining | |
| Titles of books and periodicals | |
| Names of ships, aircraft, spacecraft, trains | |
| Foreign words and phrases | |
| Words, letters, and numbers named as words | |
| For emphasis | |
| In online communication | |
| Abbreviations | |
| Titles before and after proper names | |
| Familiar abbreviations and acronyms | |
| BC, BCE, AD, CE, AM, PM, no and$ | |
| Latin abbreviations | |
| |
| Misuse with units of measurement, geographical names, etc | |
| Numbers | |
| Numerals vs | |
| For dates, addresses, etc | |
| Beginning sentences | |
| Effective Words | |
| Using Appropriate Language | |
| Revising nonstandard dialect | |
| Revising shortcuts of online communication | |
| Using slang only when appropriate | |
| Using colloquial language only when appropriate | |
| Revising neologisms | |
| Using technical words with care | |
| Revising indirect or pretentious writing | |
| Revising sexist and other biased language | |
| Using Exact Language | |
| Using a dictionary and a thesaurus | |
| Using the right word for your meaning | |
| Balancing the abstract and concrete, the general and specific | |
| Using idioms | |
| Using figurative language | |
| Using fresh expressions | |
| Writing Concisely | |
| Focusing on subject and verb | |
| Cutting or shortening empty words and phrases | |
| Cutting unnecessary repetition | |
| Reducing clauses to phrases, phrases to single words | |
| Eliminatingthere is, here is andit is constructions | |
| Combining sentences | |
| Rewriting jargon | |
| Spelling and the Hyphen | |
| Recognizing typical spelling problems | |
| Following spelling rules | |
| Developing spelling skills | |
| Using the hyphen to form or divide words | |
| Research Writing | |
| Planning a Research Project | |
| Starting out | |
| Finding a researchable subject and question | |
| Developing a research strategy | |
| Making a working, annotated bibliography | |
| Finding Sources | |
| Finding sources through your library's Web site | |
| Searching electronically | |
| Finding reference works | |
| Finding books | |
| Finding periodicals | |
| Finding sources on the Web | |
| Finding other online sources | |
| Finding government publications | |
| Finding images, audio, and video | |
| Generating your own sources | |
| Working with Sources | |
| Evaluating sources | |
| Synthesizing sources | |
| Mining and interacting with sources | |
| Using summary, paraphrase, and quotation | |
| Integrating sources into your text | |
| Avoiding Plagiarism and Documenting Sources | |
| Committing and detecting plagiarism on the Internet | |
| Knowing what you need not acknowledge | |
| Knowing what youmust acknowledge | |
| Acknowledging online sources | |
| Documenting sources | |
| Writing the Paper | |
| Developing a thesis statement | |
| Creating a structure | |
| Drafting the paper | |
| Revising and editing the paper | |
| Preparing and proofReading the final draft | |
| Using MLA Documentation and Format | |
| Using MLA in-text citations | |
| Preparing the MLA list of works cited | |
| Using MLA document format | |
| Two Research Papers in MLA Style | |
| The False Promise of Green Consumerism" | |
| Annie Dillard's Healing Visio | |
| Writing In The Academic Disciplines | |
| Working with the Goals and Requirementsof the Disciplines | |
| Using methods and evidence | |
| Understanding writing assignments | |
| Using tools and language | |
| Following styles for source citations and document format | |
| Reading and Writing About Literature | |
| Using the methods and evidence of literary analysis | |
| Understanding writing assignments in literature | |
| Using the tools and language of literary analysis | |
| Citing sources and formatting documents in writing about literature | |
| Drafting and revising a literary analysis | |
| Sample analysis of a short story | |
| Writing about fiction, poetry, and drama | |
| Sample analysis of a poem | |
| Sample analysis of a play | |
| Writing in Other Humanities | |
| Using the methods and evidence of the humanities | |
| Understanding writing assignments in the humanities | |
| Using the tools and language of the humanities | |
| Citing sources in Chicago style | |
| Formatting documents in Chicago style | |
| Writing in the Social Sciences | |
| Using the methods and evidence of the social sciences | |
| Understanding writing assignments in the social sciences | |
| Using the tools and language of the social sciences | |
| Citing sources in APA style | |
| Formatting documents in APA style | |
| Examining a sample social science paper | |
| Writing in the Natural and Applied Sciences | |
| Using the methods and evidence of the sciences | |
| Understanding writing assignments in the sciences | |
| Using the tools and language of the sciences | |
| Citing sources in CSE style | |
| Formatting documents in CSE style | |
| Examining a sample science paper | |
| Special Writing Situations | |
| Essay Examinations | |
| Preparing for an essay examination | |
| Planning your time and your answer | |
| Starting the essay | |
| Developing the essay | |
| Sample essay exams | |
| ReReading the essay | |
| Writing Online | |
| Writing effective e-mail | |
| Collaborating online | |
| Creating effective Web compositions | |
| Public Writing | |
| Writing business letters and memos | |
| Sample letter and memo | |
| Writing a job application | |
| Sample letter and résumés | |
| Writing business reports and proposals | |
| Sample report and proposal | |
| Writing for community work | |
| Sample flyer, newsletter, and brochure | |
| Oral Presentations | |
| Writing and speaking | |
| Considering purpose and audience | |
| Organizing the presentation | |
| Delivering the presentation | |
| Glossary of Usage | |
| Glossary of Terms | |
| Index | |
| Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |
