Volume 4 of The Oxford History of Historical Writing offers essays by leading scholars on the writing of history globally from 1800 to 1945. Divided into four parts, it first covers the rise, consolidation, and crisis of European historical thought, and the professionalization and institutionalization of history. The chapters in Part II analyze how historical scholarship connected to various European national traditions. Part III considers the historical writing of Europe's 'Offspring': the United States, Canada, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Mexico, Brazil, and Spanish South America. The concluding part is devoted to histories of non-European cultural traditions: China, Japan, India, South East Asia, Turkey, the Arab world, and Sub-Saharan Africa. This is the fourth of five volumes in a series that explores representations of the past from the beginning of writing to the present day, and from all over the world. This volume aims at once to provide an authoritative survey of the field, and especially to provoke cross-cultural comparisons.

Stuart Macintyre was born and educated in Melbourne, Australia, and completed his doctorate at Cambridge in 1975. In 1980 he returned to the University of Melbourne and was appointed Ernest Scott Professor of History at the University of Melbourne. He has served terms as dean of the Faculty of Arts and President of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia.

Juan Maiguashca was born in Ecuador and educated in the United States, France, and Britain. He obtained his doctorate at Oxford, St. Antony's College, in 1968. He has been a research fellow at the London School of Economics and The Adlai Institute of International affairs (University of Chicago). From 1972 until his retirement he taught at the Department of History of York University, Toronto, Canada.

Attila POK is deputy director of the Institute of History of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Budapest and visiting professor of history at Columbia University in New York. His publications and courses cover three major fields: 19th-20th century European political and intellectual history, history of modern European historiography, theory and methodology of history.

Editors' Introduction
Part One: The Rise, Consolidation, and Crisis of European Traditions
1. The Invention of European National Traditions in European Romanticism, Stefan Berger
2. The Intellectual Foundations of Nineteenth-Century 'Scientific' History: The German Model, Georg G. Iggers
3. Contemporary Alternatives to German Historicism in the Nineteenth Century, Eckhardt Fuchs
4. The Institutionalization and Professionalization of History in Europe and the United States, Gabriele Lingelbach
5. Experiments in Modernization: Social and Economic History, Lutz Raphael
6. Lay History: Official and Unofficial Representations, 1800-1914, Peter Burke
7. Censorship and History, 1915-45: Historiography in the Service of Dictatorships, Antoon De Baets
Part Two: Historical Scholarship and National Traditions
8. German Historical Writing, Benedikt Stuchtey
9. Historical Writing in France, 1800-1914, Pim den Boer
10. Shape and Pattern in British Historical Writing, 1814-1945, Michael Bentley
11. The Polycentric Structure of Italian Historical Writing, Ilaria Porciani and Mauro Moretti
12. Historical Writing in Spain and Portugal, 1720-1930, Xose-Manoel Nunez
13. Scandinavian Historical Writing, Rolf Torstendahl
14. Historical Writing in the Low Countries, Jo Tollebeek
15. The Golden Age of Russian Historical Writing: The Nineteenth Century, Gyula Szvak
16. East-Central European Historical Writing, Monika Baar
17. Historical Writing in the Balkans, Marius Turda
Part Three: Europe's Offspring
18. Writing American History, 1789-1945, Thomas Bender
19. The Writing of the History of Canada and of South Africa, Donald Wright and Christopher Saunders
20. Historical Writing in Australia and New Zealand, Stuart Macintyre
21. Historical Writing in Mexico: Three Cycles, D. A. Brading
22. Brazilian Historical Writing and the Building of a Nation, Ciro Flamarion Cardoso
23. Spanish South American Historians: Centre and Periphery, 1840s-1940s, Juan Maiguashca
Part Four: Non-European Cultural Traditions
24. The Transformation of History in China and Japan, Axel Schneider and Stefan Tanaka
25. The Birth of Academic Historical Writing in India, Dipesh Chakrabarty
26. South East Asian Historical Writing, Anthony Milner
27. Late Ottoman and Early Republican Turkish Historical Writing, Cemal Kafadar and Hakan T. Kareteke
28. Historical Writing in the Arab World, Youssef M. Choueiri
29. History in Sub-Saharan Africa, Toyin Falola