Photonics Optical Electronics in Modern Communications

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Edition: 6th
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2006-01-26
Publisher(s): Oxford University Press
List Price: $285.30

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Summary

Due to its central role in modern communications technologies, photonics--or optical electronics--has evolved dynamically over the last ten years. Photonics by Amnon Yariv and Pochi Yeh is extensively revised and updated to keep pace with this unprecedented development. Now more tailored tooptical communication, the sixth edition integrates material on generating and manipulating optical radiation and designing photonic components for the transmission of information. It also presents a broader theoretical underpinning and more explanations of mathematical derivations than the previousedition. The text describes the basic physics and principles of operation of major photonic components in optical communications and electronics. These components include optical resonators, various lasers, waveguides, optical fibers, gratings, and photonic crystals. photonics, Sixth Edition, also coversthe transmission, modulation, amplification, and detection of optical beams in optical networks, as well as nonlinear optical effects in fibers. It assumes a background in electromagnetic theory, Maxwell's equations, and electromagnetic wave propagation. Including numerous examples throughout, Photonics, Sixth Edition, is ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in photonics, optoelectronics, or optical communications. It is also a useful reference for practicing engineers and scientists. New Material in the Sixth Edition BLStokes Parameters and Poincare Sphere: polarization states in birefringent optical networks, principal states of polarization BLFermat's Principle: rays, beam propagation, and the Fresnel diffraction integral BLMatrix Formulation: wave propagation in multi-cavity etalons, multi-layer structures, mode coupling, and supermodes in mode-locked lasers BLDispersion: chromatic dispersion and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in fibers and their compensation BLCoupled Resonators Optical Waveguides (CROWs): matrix formulation, critical coupling and dispersion relation BLNonlinear Optical Effects in Fibers: self-phase modulation, cross-phase modulation, stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS), stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), optical four-wave mixing, and spectral reversal (phase conjugation) BLElectroabsorption: waveguide electro-optic Mach-Zehnder modulators BLPhotonic Crystals: Bloch wave formulation, photonic bands, photonic bandgaps, periodic layered media, fiber Bragg gratings, and Bragg reflection waveguides BLOptical Amplifiers: SOA, EDFA, and Raman

Author Biography


Amnon Yariv is Martin and Eileen Summerfeld Professor of Applied Physics at the California Institute of Technology.
Pochi Yeh is Professor of Electrical & Computer Engineering at the University of California, Santa Barbara.

Table of Contents

Preface xi
Electromagnetic Fields and Waves
1(65)
Introduction
1(1)
Maxwell's Equations and Boundary Conditions
1(3)
Energy Density and Poynting Vector
4(2)
Monochromatic Fields and Complex-Function Formalism
6(2)
Wave Equations and Monochromatic Plane Waves
8(5)
Chromatic Dispersion and Group Velocity
13(6)
Polarization States and Representations (Stokes Parameters and Poincare Sphere)
19(11)
Electromagnetic Propagation in Anisotropic Media (Crystals)
30(6)
Plane Waves in Uniaxially Anisotropic Media---Phase Retardation
36(5)
Jones Matrix Method
41(15)
Elementary Theory of Coherence
56(10)
Problems
59(6)
References
65(1)
Rays and Optical Beams
66(44)
Introduction
66(1)
Ray Matrices
66(6)
Skew Rays and Reentrant Rays
72(1)
Rays in Lenslike Media
73(4)
Wave Equation in Quadratic Index Media and Beams
77(2)
Gaussian Beams in Homogeneous Media
79(4)
Fundamental Gaussian Beam in a Lenslike Medium---The ABCD Law
83(4)
Gaussian Beams in Lens Waveguide
87(1)
High-Order Gaussian Beam Modes in a Homogeneous Medium
88(3)
Gaussian Beam Modes in Quadratic Index Media
91(4)
Propagation in Media with a Quadratic Gain Profile
95(2)
Elliptic Gaussian Beams
97(2)
Beam Propagation and Diffraction Integral
99(11)
Problems
106(3)
References
109(1)
Guided Waves in Dielectric Slabs and Fibers
110(46)
Introduction
110(1)
TE and TM Confined Modes in Symmetric Slab Waveguides
110(8)
TE and TM Confined Modes in Asymmetric Slab Waveguides
118(8)
Step-Index Circular Dielectric Waveguides (Linearly Polarized Modes in Optical Fibers)
126(11)
Effective Index Theory
137(3)
Waveguide Dispersion in Optical Fibers
140(5)
Attenuation in Silica Fibers
145(11)
Problems
149(4)
References
153(2)
Additional Reading
155(1)
Optical Resonators
156(55)
Introduction
156(4)
Fabry--Perot Etalon
160(10)
Fabry--Perot Etalons as Optical Spectrum Analyzers
170(2)
Optical Resonators with Spherical Mirrors
172(4)
Mode Stability Criteria
176(2)
Modes in a Generalized Resonator---Self-Consistent Method
178(2)
Resonance Frequencies of Optical Resonators
180(3)
Losses in Optical Resonators
183(1)
Ring Resonators
184(10)
Multicavity Etalons
194(10)
Mode Matching and Coupling Loss
204(7)
Problems
206(3)
References
209(1)
Additional Reading
210(1)
Interaction of Radiation and Atomic Systems
211(26)
Introduction
211(1)
Atomic Transitions and Electromagnetic Waves
211(2)
Atomic Polarizability and Dielectric Constant
213(1)
Classical Electron Model
214(2)
Dispersion and Complex Refractive Index
216(5)
Lineshape Function---Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Broadening
221(4)
Induced Transitions---Absorption and Amplification
225(5)
Gain Saturation in Homogeneous Laser Media
230(3)
Gain Saturation in Inhomogeneous Laser Media
233(4)
Problems
235(1)
References
236(1)
Theory of Laser Oscillation and Some Specific Laser Systems
237(76)
Introduction
237(1)
Fabry--Perot Laser
237(5)
Oscillation Frequency
242(2)
Three- and Four-Level Lasers
244(2)
Power in Laser Oscillators
246(2)
Optimum Output Coupling in Laser Oscillators
248(3)
Multimode Laser Oscillation and Mode Locking
251(14)
Mode Locking in Homogeneously Broadened Laser Systems
265(8)
Pulse Length Measurement and Narrowing of Chirped Pulses
273(8)
Giant Pulse (Q-Switched) Lasers
281(6)
Hole Burning and the Lamb Dip in Doppler-Broadened Gas Lasers
287(3)
Some Specific Laser Systems
290(13)
Frequency Comb and Optical Frequency Metrology
303(10)
Problems
308(1)
References
309(3)
Additional Reading
312(1)
Chromatic Dispersion and Polarization Mode Dispersion in Fibers
313(41)
Introduction
313(1)
Chromatic Dispersion in Optical Transmission Systems
313(4)
Optical Pulse Spreading in Dispersive Media
317(5)
Polarization Effects in Optical Fibers
322(3)
Principal States of Polarization
325(4)
Vector Analysis of Polarization Mode Dispersion
329(17)
High-Order PMD and Compensators
346(8)
Problems
350(3)
References
353(1)
Nonlinear Optics
354(52)
Introduction
354(1)
On the Physical Origin of Nonlinear Polarization
354(1)
Second-Order Nonlinear Phenomena---General Methodology
355(3)
Electromagnetic Formulation and Optical Second-Harmonic Generation
358(11)
Other Second-Order Nonlinear Processes
369(8)
Quasi Phase Matching
377(3)
Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Processes
380(7)
Stimulated Brillouin Scattering
387(5)
Four-Wave Mixing and Phase Conjugation
392(7)
Frequency Tuning in Parametric Oscillation
399(7)
Problems
402(2)
References
404(2)
Electro-optic Modulation of Laser Beams
406(59)
Introduction
406(1)
Linear Electro-optic Effect
406(12)
Electro-optic Modulation---Phase, Amplitude
418(9)
High-Frequency Modulation Considerations
427(4)
Electroabsorption and Electroabsorption Modulators
431(3)
Electro-optical Effect in Liquid Crystals
434(6)
Acousto-optic Effect (Photoelastic Effect)
440(6)
Scattering of Light by Sound
446(4)
Bragg Diffraction---Coupled-Wave Analysis
450(8)
Bragg Cells and Beam Deflectors
458(7)
Problems
461(2)
References
463(2)
Noise in Optical Detection and Generation
465(36)
Introduction
465(1)
Limitations Due to Noise Power
466(3)
Noise---Basic Definitions and Theorems
469(2)
Spectral Density Function of a Train of Randomly Occurring Events
471(2)
Shot Noise
473(2)
Johnson Noise
475(4)
Spontaneous Emission Noise in Laser Oscillators
479(5)
Phasor Derivation of Laser Linewidth
484(7)
Coherence and Interference
491(5)
Error Probability in a Binary Pulse Code Modulation System
496(5)
Problems
499(1)
References
500(1)
Detection of Optical Radiation
501(38)
Introduction
501(1)
Optically Induced Transition Rates
501(2)
Photomultiplier
503(2)
Noise Mechanisms in Photomultipliers
505(2)
Heterodyne Detection with Photomultipliers
507(4)
Photoconductive Detectors
511(6)
The p-n Junction
517(4)
Semiconductor Photodiodes
521(8)
Avalanche Photodiode
529(3)
Power Fluctuation Noise in Lasers
532(7)
Problems
536(1)
References
537(1)
Additional Reading
538(1)
Wave Propagation in Periodic Media
539(63)
Introduction
539(1)
Periodic Media
539(6)
Periodic Layered Media---Bloch Waves
545(10)
Bragg Reflectors
555(5)
Coupled-Wave Analysis
560(13)
Periodic Waveguides
573(9)
Spectral Filters and Fiber Bragg Gratings
582(5)
Chirped and Tapered Index Gratings
587(7)
2-D and 3-D Periodic Media (Photonic Crystals)
594(8)
Problems
600(1)
References
601(1)
Waveguide Coupling
602(31)
Introduction
602(1)
General Properties of Modes
602(5)
Dielectric Perturbation Theory and Mode Coupling
607(4)
Coupling of Two Parallel Waveguides---Directional Coupler
611(7)
Coupling of N Parallel Identical Waveguides---Supermodes
618(4)
Phase Matching and Frequency Selective Coupling---Multiplexing
622(4)
Mode Converters
626(7)
Problems
630(2)
References
632(1)
Nonlinear Optical Effects in Fibers
633(40)
Introduction
633(1)
Kerr Effect and Self-Phase Modulation
633(4)
Cross-Phase Modulation---Polarization
637(4)
Nondegenerate Four-Wave Mixing
641(12)
Partially Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing
653(10)
Optical Solitons
663(10)
Problems
670(1)
References
671(2)
Semiconductor Lasers---Theory and Applications
673(41)
Introduction
673(1)
Some Semiconductor Physics Background
674(6)
Gain and Absorption in Semiconductor (Laser) Media
680(6)
GaAs/Ga1-xAlxAs Lasers
686(5)
Some Real Laser Structures
691(5)
Direct-Current Modulation of Semiconductor Lasers
696(4)
Gain Suppression and Frequency Chirp in Current-Modulated Semiconductor Lasers
700(9)
Integrated Optoelectronics
709(5)
Problems
711(1)
References
712(2)
Advanced Semiconductor Lasers
714(34)
Introduction
714(1)
Carriers in Quantum Wells (Advanced Topic)
715(5)
Gain in Quantum Well Lasers
720(4)
Distributed Feedback Lasers
724(14)
Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Semiconductor Lasers
738(10)
Problems
746(1)
References
746(2)
Optical Amplifiers
748(30)
Introduction
748(1)
Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers
749(3)
Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers
752(3)
Amplified Spontaneous Emission
755(6)
Optical Amplification in Fiber Links
761(6)
Raman Optical Amplifiers
767(11)
Problems
774(2)
References
776(2)
Classical Treatment of Quantum Noise and Squeezed States
778(19)
Introduction
778(1)
The Uncertainty Principle and Quantum Noise
778(9)
Squeezing of Optical Fields
787(10)
Problems
795(1)
References
796(1)
Appendix A Wave Equation in Cylindrical Coordinates and Bessel Functions 797(5)
Appendix B Exact Solutions of the Step-Index Circular Waveguide 802(10)
Appendix C Kramers---Kronig Relations 812(5)
Appendix D Transformation of a Coherent Electromagnetic Field by a Thin Lens 817(3)
Appendix E Fermi Level and Its Temperature Dependence 820(3)
Appendix F Electro-optic Effect in Cubic 43m Crystals 823(4)
Appendix G Conversion for Power Units and Attenuation Units 827(1)
Author Index 828(2)
Subject Index 830

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