Private Equity as an Asset Class

by
Edition: 2nd
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2010-05-17
Publisher(s): WILEY
List Price: $74.18

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Summary

Unfairly reviled, and much misunderstood, private equity differs from all other asset classes in various important respects, not least the way in which its fund mechanisms operate, and the way in which its returns are recorded and analysed. Sadly, high level asset allocation decisions are frequently made on the basis of prejudice and misinformation, rather than a proper appreciation of the facts.Guy Fraser-Sampson draws upon more than twenty years of experience of the private equity industry to provide a practical guide to mastering the intricacies of this highly specialist asset class. Aimed equally at investors, professionals and business school students, it starts with such fundamental questions as 'what is private equity?' and progresses to detailed consideration of different types of private equity activity such as venture capital and buyout.Rapid and significant changes in the environment during the recent financial crisis have prompted the need for a new edition. Separate chapters have been added on growth and development capital, as well as secondary investing. Newly emergent issues are considered, such as lengthening holding periods and the possible threat of declining returns. Particular problems, such as the need to distinguish between private equity and hedge funds, are addressed. The glossary has also been expanded. In short, readers will find that this new edition takes their understanding of the asset class to new heights.Key points include: A glossary of private equity terms Venture capital Buyout Growth capital Development capital Secondary investing Understanding private equity returns Analysing funds and returns How to plan a fund investment programme Detailed discussion of industry performance figures

Author Biography

GUY FRASER-SAMPSON has over twenty years' experience of the private equity industry, most notably having set up and run for several years the European operations of Horsley Bridge. As a partner in the firm, and Managing Director of Horsley Bridge International, he had a unique opportunity to interact simultaneously with private equity managers from all over the world, including famous ‘golden circle’ venture firms based predominantly in California. He previously lived and worked in the Middle East as Investment Controller with the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA).
He has extensive experience of the evaluation of private equity managers, including having personally designed and developed a computer model for the evaluation of buyout performance, but is equally recognised as an expert on venture capital. In addition to his work with funds, he has also conducted direct, secondary and mezzanine transactions over the years.
Guy teaches post-graduate modules on private equity and investment strategy at Cass Business School in the City of London, and is also recognised as an authority on all types of alternative assets. He performs consultancy and high level executive training assignments for clients around the world, and is also in demand as a provider of keynote addresses at investment conferences. In addition to various professional qualifications, he holds an LLB with honours from King's College London, and an MBA majoring in finance from Warwick Business School.
Guy writes for a number of finance and investment publications, including his influential monthly column in Real Deals. He is the author of Multi-Asset Class Investment Strategy, also published as part of the Wiley Finance series, which questions accepted views of risk and return, and sets out ways in which investors could and should incorporate a wide range of so-called alternative assets into their planned portfolios. He conducts regular investor workshops around the world based upon his books.

Table of Contents

About the Author
Acknowledgements
Introduction
What is Private Equity?
What is Private Equity?
Fund investing versus direct investing
Co-investment
Terminology
Different types of Private Equity investment
Summary
What are Private Equity Funds, and How do They Work?
Capital: Allocated, Committed, Drawn Down and Invested
How do Private Equity Funds Work?
Structure
Cash flow
Investment
Fundraising
Private Equity Funds Distinguished from Other Fund Types
Hedge funds
Infrastructure
Private (Equity) Real Estate
A Note on International Issues
Summary
Private Equity Returns - The Basics
Understanding the J-curve and Compound Returns
Upper Quartile Figures
Median Returns
Average Returns
Pooled Returns
Using Vintage Year Returns for Benchmarking Purposes
Time-weighted Returns
Summary
Private Equity Returns - Multiples and Muddles
Multiples
Distributed over paid in (DPI)
Paid in to committed capital (PICC)
Residual value to paid in (RVPI)
Total value to paid in (TVPI)
Use of multiples in industry research
Muddles, Muggles and Markowitz
Returns
Risk
Liquidity
Summary
Buyout
Types of Buyout Transaction
MBO
MBI
BIMBO
LBO
Take Private (P2P)
Roll-up
Secondary Buyouts
Other 'Buyout' Activity
PIPEs
How do Buyouts Work?
Characteristics of Buyout
Established businesses
Debt
Earnings
Size
Control
Barriers to entry
Summary
How to Analyse Buyouts
Earnings
EBIT
EBITDA
Earnings Growth
Multiple
Multiple increase (sometimes called multiple arbitrage)
Leverage
Recapitalisation
Timing
Modelling and Analysing Buyout Funds
Enterprise value
Summary
Buyout Returns
US versus European Buyout
Buyout skill bases
Imperfect markets
Earnings multiples
Earnings growth
Leverage
Contribution of different drivers
Fund size
Summary
Venture Capital
What is Venture Capital?
Backing New Applications, Not New Technology
Classifi cation by Sector
IT
Telecoms
Life Science
Classifi cation by Stage
Seed stage
Early stage
Mid and late stages
Summary
How to Analyse Venture
The Fundamentals (1) - Money Multiples
The Fundamentals (2) - Valuation
Valuation as an element of stated returns
Differences in valuation approach between Europe and the US
Variability of Venture valuations
Pre-money and post-money valuations
Share classes
The Fundamentals (3) - Cost and Value
IRRs and multiples
Going in equity (GI%)
Percentage of the holding within the fund
The Impact of Home Runs
Summary
Venture Returns
US Outperformance versus Europe
Money multiples drive IRRs
Home runs and the golden circle
Market conditions
European Venture - Is it as Bad as it Seems?
Returns and Fund Size
Venture returns by stage
What of the Future?
Summary
Growth and Development Capital
The PLC and the BCG Growth Matrix
Development Capital
Target companies
Money in deals
Money out deals
Objectives
Growth Capital
Target companies
Objectives
Growth capital and late-stage Venture
Common Issues
Minority protection
Exit protection
The Future
Summary
Secondary Private Equity Fund Investing
Why do People Buy Secondaries?
Time and the J-curve
Diversifi cation by time
Diversifi cation by geography and sector
Treasury and Portfolio Secondaries
Why do People Sell Secondaries?
Change of strategy/leaving the asset class
Overconcentration by time, sector or geography
Unexpected need for cash
Housekeeping
Dissatisfaction with the GP
Restrictions on Transfer
Stapled primaries
Secondary Methodology
Tails
Fees etc
Secondary Buyouts - Warning
Summary
Due Diligence
Buyout Funds
Venture Funds
Co-investors
Cross-fund Investing
Buyout Companies
Venture Companies
Funds of Funds
Growth and Development Capital
Monitoring Private Equity Funds
The Changing Nature of Due Diligence
Summary
Planning Your Investment Programme
Cash Flow Planning
Allocated, Committed and Invested Capital
Diversifi cation by Time
Proper Commitment Levels
Diversifi cation by Sector and Geography
Total Return
How to deal with uninvested capital
Towards a New World of Private Equity Programmes?
Summary
Trends and Issues
Financial Crisis
Credit
Valuation
Holding periods
Secondaries
Emerging Markets
Concluding Thoughts
Track record
Returns
Fee structures
Private Equity at a Crossroads?
Summary
Glossary of Private Equity Terms
Index
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

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