Private Equity as an Asset Class

by
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2007-04-01
Publisher(s): WILEY
List Price: $74.90

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Summary

This book provides a full description of all types of private equity activity, how returns should be viewed, and how each sub-asset class should be modeled and evaluated. Existing and forthcoming books look at (1) how to model private equity returns within an existing traditional risk model; (2) specific case studies, or (3) the 'how' of (a) negotiating with private equity managers (GPs), placement agents, etc, and (b) cash flow liquidity modeling. Private Equity as an Asset Class assumes no prior knowledge whatever of the asset class. It is aimed at someone who understands investment but is approaching private equity for the first time. It focuses on the 'what', describing each section of private equity in detail. Where the 'how' is addressed, it will be specific practical advice such as how to model and evaluate a venture fund. The author has agreement from Thomson Financial to make their industry returns available once again. Thus the book will contain a full analysis not just of how private equity returns work, but also of how to look at detailed specifics, eg, paid in/paid out/committed, and so on. There is also a chapter on due diligence

Author Biography

GUY FRASER-SAMPSON has twenty years’ experience of the private equity industry, most notably having set up and run for several years the European operations of Horsley Bridge. As a partner in the firm, and Managing Director of Horsley Bridge International, he had a perhaps unique opportunity to interact simultaneously with private equity managers in both Europe and the US, including famous “golden circle” venture firms based predominantly in California. He previously lived and worked in the Middle East as Investment Controller with the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (“ADIA”).

He has extensive experience of the evaluation of private equity managers, including having personally designed and developed a computer model for the evaluation of buyout performance, but is equally recognised as an authority on venture capital. In addition to his work with fund managers (“GPs”), he has also been involved in direct, secondary and mezzanine transactions over the years, as well as planning and monitoring private equity programmes from the investor (“LP”) perspective.

Guy is a well-known figure on the conference circuit both as a speaker and, increasingly, as a provider of keynote addresses. He has written for private equity publications for many years, and is perhaps best known for his regular monthly column in Real Deals. In addition to various professional qualifications, he has an LLB with honours from King’s College London and an MBA majoring in finance from Warwick Business School.

In recent years, Guy has also become acknowledged as an expert on pension fund investment and asset allocation generally, and he has written for all of Europe’s English language pension publications. His first book, Multi Asset Class Investment Strategy, published as part of the Wiley Finance series last year to what Global Pensions described as “rave reviews from the UK pension industry” has been hailed as a major contribution to modern portfolio theory. It went into the Amazon “Hot 100” six weeks after its launch, and has been featured in newspapers and financial periodicals around the world.

Table of Contents

Introductionp. xiii
Acknowledgementsp. xxiii
What is Private Equity?p. 1
Fund investing versus direct investingp. 2
Terminologyp. 4
Primary versus secondary fund investingp. 6
A broad delineation: buyout and venturep. 7
Capital: allocated, committed, drawn down and investedp. 9
How do private equity funds work?p. 11
Structurep. 11
Cashflowp. 13
Investmentp. 15
Fundraisingp. 16
Summaryp. 20
Private Equity Returns - The Basicsp. 23
Understanding the J-curve and compound returnsp. 23
Upper quartile figuresp. 29
Median returnsp. 30
Average returnsp. 31
Pooled returnsp. 34
Multiplesp. 34
Distributed over Paid In (DPI)p. 37
Paid In to Committed Capital (PICC)p. 38
Residual Value to Paid In (RVPI)p. 38
Total Value to Paid In (TVPI)p. 38
Valuationp. 39
Feesp. 40
Time-weighted returnsp. 41
Summaryp. 42
Buyoutp. 45
Types of buyout transactionsp. 45
MBOp. 45
MBIp. 46
BIMBOp. 46
LBOp. 47
Take privatep. 47
Roll-upp. 48
Other "buyout" activityp. 48
Established businessesp. 50
Debtp. 52
Earningsp. 54
Sizep. 55
Controlp. 58
Barriers to entryp. 61
Summaryp. 64
How to Analyse Buyoutsp. 67
Earningsp. 68
EBITp. 70
EBITDAp. 71
Earnings growthp. 72
Multiplep. 74
Multiple increase in an imperfect marketp. 74
Multiple increase in a perfect marketp. 77
Leveragep. 78
Recapitalisationp. 79
Timingp. 80
Modelling and analysing buyout fundsp. 82
Summaryp. 87
Buyout Returnsp. 89
US versus European buyoutp. 89
Buyout skill basesp. 91
Imperfect marketsp. 92
Earnings multiplesp. 94
Earnings growthp. 97
Leveragep. 100
Fund sizep. 101
What can we expect from buyout returns in future?p. 107
Recent fundraising levelsp. 109
Some conclusions and predictionsp. 111
Summaryp. 113
Venture Capitalp. 115
What is venture capital?p. 115
Backing new applications, not new technologyp. 116
Classification by sectorp. 118
ITp. 118
Telecomsp. 121
Life Sciencep. 124
Classification by stagep. 128
Seedp. 129
The US modelp. 131
Seed stage focusp. 131
Home run mentalityp. 133
"Value add"p. 133
The US model comes to Europep. 134
Why European venture capital firms have avoided the seed stagep. 134
Classification by stage, continuedp. 135
Early stage investingp. 135
Mid- and late stage investingp. 135
Summaryp. 135
How to Analyse Venturep. 137
The fundamentalsp. 137
Money multiplesp. 137
Valuationp. 140
Cost and valuep. 147
IRRs and multiplesp. 149
Going In Equity (GI%)p. 150
Percentage of the holding within the fundp. 151
The impact of home runsp. 151
Summaryp. 155
Venture Returnsp. 157
US out-performance versus Europep. 157
Money multiples drive IRRsp. 159
Home runs and the golden circlep. 160
Market conditionsp. 163
European venture - is it as bad as it seems?p. 165
Returns and fund sizep. 170
Venture returns by stagep. 175
What of the future?p. 177
Summaryp. 180
Due Diligencep. 183
Buyout fundsp. 186
Venture fundsp. 188
Co-investorsp. 191
Cross-fund investingp. 192
Buyout companiesp. 192
Venture companiesp. 194
Fund of Fundsp. 196
Monitoring private equity fundsp. 198
Summaryp. 201
Planning your Investment Programmep. 203
Cashflow planningp. 203
Allocated, committed and invested capitalp. 205
Diversification by timep. 206
Proper commitment levelsp. 208
Diversification by sector and geographyp. 209
Total Returnp. 213
How to deal with uninvested capitalp. 214
Secondariesp. 216
Mezzaninep. 219
Private equity proxiesp. 219
Towards a new world of private equity programmesp. 220
Summaryp. 222
Glossaryp. 225
Indexp. 253
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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