Brief Table of Contents
Introduction: Politics, Rationalism, and Social Welfare Policy
1. Politics and the Policymaking Process
2. Analyzing, Implementing, and Evaluating Social Welfare Policy
3. Politics and the History of Social Welfare Policy
4. Ending Poverty: Is It an Issue Anymore?
5. Preventing Poverty: Social Insurance and Personal Responsibility
6. Disability Policy: Embracing a Civil Rights Perspective
7. Helping Needy Families
8. Providing Healthcare: Can All Americans Be Insured?
9. Preventing Poverty: Education and Employment Policy
10. Providing Social Services: Help for Children, Older Americans, and
Individuals with Mental and Substance Use Disorders
11. The Challenges of a Diverse Society: Gender and Sexual Orientation
12. The Challenges of a Diverse Society: Race, Ethnicity, and Immigration
Conclusion: Politics, Rationalism, and the Future of Social Welfare Policy
Detailed Table of Contents
Introduction: Politics, Rationalism, and Social Welfare Policy 1
What Is Social Welfare Policy? 2
Social Welfare Policy: A Rational Approach 4
Social Welfare Policy: A Political Approach 6
Summary 11
Discussion Questions and Class Activities 12
Resources 12
Notes 12
1. Politics and the Policymaking Process 15
The Policymaking Process 15
Financing the Welfare State 28
Summary 34
Discussion Questions and Class Activities 34
Resources 35
Notes 35
2. Analyzing, Implementing, and Evaluating Social Welfare Policy 39
The Politics of Policy Analysis 39
The Politics of Policy Implementation 43
The Politics of Policy Evaluation 50
Summary 68
Discussion Questions and Class Activities 69
Resources 69
3. Politics and the History of Social Welfare Policy 73
The Early History of Social Welfare Policy in America 73
The Great Depression and Fdr’s New Deal 76
LBJ and the War on Poverty 77
More Social Welfare Expansion 81
The Reagan and Bush Years 83
The Presidential Years of Bill Clinton 88
The George W. Bush Presidency 90
Barack Obama’s Presidency 96
Summary 100
Discussion Questions and Class Activities 100
Resources 101
Notes 101
4. Ending Poverty: Is It an Issue Anymore? 107
What Is Poverty? 107
Why Are the Poor, Poor? 121
The Politics of Hunger 128
The Politics of Affordable Housing 132
Poor and Homeless: Not Invisible AnyMore 136
A Fundamental Shift 139
Does Welfare Cause Poverty? 140
Whither Public Assistance? 141
Summary 144
Discussion Questions and Class Activities 145
Resources 146
Notes 146
5. Preventing Poverty: Social Insurance and Personal Responsibility 153
Preventing Poverty Through Compulsory Savings 153
Social Security: The World’s Largest Social Welfare Program 155
Social Security’s Goals: Adequacy, Equity, and Efficiency 163
Saving Social Security 170
Public Policy and Private Pensions 176
Unemployment Insurance 178
Workers’ Compensation 183
Summary 187
Discussion Questions and Class Activities 188
Resources 188
Notes 188
6. Disability Policy: Embracing a Civil Rights Perspective 195
Disability and Civil Rights 196
Public Assistance and Disability 204
Veterans Administration Disability System 215
Disability and Work 215
Disability Policy for Children 221
Disability Policy for the Future 225
Summary 225
Discussion Questions and Class Activities 226
Resources 227
Notes 227
7. Helping Needy Families 237
From Mothers’ Aid to AFDC 237
Making Parents Pay: A History of Child Support Enforcement 239
Benefits of Child Support 241
Child Support Enforcement Agency’s Services 241
Child Support Enforcement’s Effectiveness 245
State Compliance and Cse Privatization 248
The Reincarnations of Welfare and Work 249
Why the Fuss About “Welfare”? 252
Has Welfare as We Knew It Ended? 256
Spending Forecast 267
How Effective Has TANF Been? 268
TANF’s Future 270
Summary 270
Discussion Questions and Class Activities 271
Resources 272
Notes 272
8. Providing Healthcare: Can All Americans Be Insured? 281
Good Health or Medical Attention? 281
How Americans Pay for Healthcare 284
What Ails Healthcare? 301
Incrementalism and the 2009—2010 Effort for Universal Healthcare 308
Healthcare: More Ethical Dilemmas 318
Summary 322
Discussion and Class Activities 323
Resources 323
Notes 324
9. Preventing Poverty: Education and Employment Policy 331
Education for the Few or the Many? 331
Public Education: The Progressive Era to World War II 333
The Post World War II Era: Increased Federal Involvement in Education 334
Was Thirty Years of Educational Reform Necessary? 346
Education and the Obama Administration 347
Federal Reluctance in Employment Policy 348
Reluctance Overcome: The New Deal 349
The War on Poverty: The Search for a Cure 350
Minimum Wages and Living Wages 357
Economic Crisis, the Bush Bailout, and the Obama Stimulus Plan 359
Summary 360
Discussion Questions and Class Activities 361
Resources 362
Notes 363
10. Providing Social Services: Help for Children, Older Americans, and
Individuals with Mental and Substance Use Disorders 369
Social Services in the United States 369
Child Welfare Policy and Services 372
Social Services for Older Americans 393
Social Services for Individuals with Mental and Substance Use Disorders 399
Summary 415
Discussion Questions and Class Activities 416
Resources 417
Notes 418
11. The Challenges of a Diverse Society: Gender and Sexual Orientation 427
The Feminization of Poverty 427
Women in Political Office 433
Resuscitating the Equal Rights Amendment 434
Family Care 436
No Middle Ground on Abortion Rights 438
Confronting Violence Against Women 446
The Era of Lgbt Rights 453
Summary 462
Discussion Questions and Class Activities 462
Websites 463
Notes 464
12. The Challenges of a Diverse Society: Race, Ethnicity, and Immigration 471
Racial Equality: How Far Have We Come? 471
The Civil Rights Acts 472
School Desegregation 473
Housing and Racial Discrimination 478
Affirmative Action 481
Voting Rights 487
American Indians and Public Policy 491
Racial and Ethnic Targeting 494
Immigration and Social Welfare 499
Summary 514
Discussion Questions and Class Activities 515
Resources 516
Notes 516