Urban Water Cycle Processes And Interactions

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Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2007-10-30
Publisher(s): Renouf Pub Co Ltd
List Price: $42.80

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Summary

Effective management of urban water should be based on a scientific understanding of the impact of human activity on both the urban hydrological cycle “ including its processes and interactions “ and the environment itself. Such anthropogenic impacts, which vary broadly in time and space, need to be quantified with respect to local climate, urban development, cultural, environmental and religious practices, and other socio-economic factors. Urban Water Cycle Processes and Interactions represents the fruit of a project by UNESCO "s International Hydrological Programme on this topic. The volume begins by introducing the urban water cycle concept and the need for integrated or total management. It then explores in detail the manifold hydrological components of the cycle, the diverse elements of urban infrastructure and water services, and the various effects of urbanization on the environment “ from the atmosphere and surface waters to wetlands, soils and groundwater, as well as biodiversity. A concluding series of recommendations for effective urban water management summarize the important findings set forth here. Urban Water Series - UNESCO-IHP Volumes Following from the Sixth Phase of UNESCO "s International Hydrological Programme (2002 “2007), the Urban Water Series “ UNESCO-IHP addresses fundamental issues related to the role of water in cities and the effects of urbanization on the hydrological cycle and water resources. Focusing on the development of integrated approaches to sustainable urban water management, the Series should inform the work of urban water management practitioners, policy-makers and educators throughout the world.

Table of Contents

Urban water cyclep. 11
Introductionp. 11
Urban water cycle conceptp. 31
Total management of the urban water cyclep. 72
Urban water cycle hydrologic componentsp. 92
Water sourcesp. 102
Municipal water supplyp. 102
Precipitationp. 102
Climatic aspectsp. 102
Urban precipitationp. 112
Hydrologic abstractionsp. 122
Interceptionp. 132
Depression storagep. 132
Evaporation and evapotranspirationp. 132
Infiltrationp. 142
Lumped hydrologic abstractionsp. 142
Water storagep. 152
Soil moisturep. 152
Urban groundwaterp. 152
Interflow and groundwater flowp. 162
Stormwater runoffp. 162
Natural drainage: urban streams, rivers and lakesp. 172
Needs for urban water infrastructurep. 183 Urban wa
Demands on water services in urban areasp. 193
Water supplyp. 213
Overview of situation in developing countriesp. 233
Middle East and North Africa (MENA)p. 233
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)p. 243
East, South and South-East Asia (ESSA)p. 243
Historical developmentp. 243
Water demandp. 253
Water supply standards: quantityp. 273
Water supply standards: qualityp. 283
Water supply sourcesp. 293
Conjunctive use of sources and artificial rechargep. 303
Supplementary sources of waterp. 303
Water shortagep. 323
Example of improving the water supply in the Tehran Metropolitan Areap. 323
Drinking water treatmentp. 333
Emerging technologiesp. 333
Desalinationp. 333
Disinfectionp. 353
Water distribution systemsp. 363
Drinking water supplies in developing countriesp. 363
Urban drainagep. 373
Flooding in urban areasp. 393
Local (pluvial) floodingp. 403
Urban (fluvial) floodsp. 413
Stormwaterp. 423
Stormwater characterizationp. 443
Stormwater managementp. 453
Special considerations for drainage in cold climatesp. 483
Combined sewer overflowsp. 483
CSO characterizationp. 483
CSO control and treatmentp. 493
Wastewater and sanitationp. 503
Problem definitionp. 503
Technological developmentp. 523
Ecological sanitationp. 533
Basic demands on wastewater management systemsp. 543
Wastewater characterizationp. 553
Wastewater systems without separation of wastewaters at the sourcep. 563
Centralized systemsp. 563
Distributed (local) systemsp. 573
Systems with separation of wastewaters at the sourcep. 583
Wastewater treatment technologies for developing countriesp. 593
Case study of water pollution control in the Tehran Metropolitan Areap. 603.4.10 Wat
NEWater in Singaporep. 623
Shinjuku water recycling centre, Tokyo, Japanp. 623.
Wetlands with fish production in Calcutta, Indiap. 633
Reuse of (untreated) sewage for agricultural irrigation in the Mezquital Valley (Mexico City sewage disposal)p. 633.
Reuse of stormwater and greywater in Sydney, Australiap. 643
Closing observations on wastewater management in developing countriesp. 644 Impacts
Overviewp. 674
General characterization of urbanization effectsp. 684
Increased ground imperviousnessp. 684
Changes in runoff conveyance networksp. 694
Construction of runoff conveyance networksp. 704
Canalization of urban streams and riversp. 704
Interfering transport infrastructuresp. 714
Increased water consumptionp. 714
Timescales of urbanization effectsp. 724
Types of receiving waters and spatial scalesp. 724
Urbanization effects on the atmospherep. 734
Thermal effects (urban heat island phenomenon)p. 744
Urban air pollutionp. 744
Combined impactsp. 754
Urbanization effects on surface watersp. 754
Physical effectsp. 764
Urbanization effects on flowsp. 764
Urbanization effects on sediment regime: erosion and siltationp. 764
Modification of the thermal regime of receiving watersp. 774
Density stratification of receiving water bodiesp. 774
Combined physical effectsp. 784
Chemical effectsp. 794
Dissolved oxygen reductionp. 794
Nutrien
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