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Summary
Table of Contents
Urban water cycle | p. 11 |
Introduction | p. 11 |
Urban water cycle concept | p. 31 |
Total management of the urban water cycle | p. 72 |
Urban water cycle hydrologic components | p. 92 |
Water sources | p. 102 |
Municipal water supply | p. 102 |
Precipitation | p. 102 |
Climatic aspects | p. 102 |
Urban precipitation | p. 112 |
Hydrologic abstractions | p. 122 |
Interception | p. 132 |
Depression storage | p. 132 |
Evaporation and evapotranspiration | p. 132 |
Infiltration | p. 142 |
Lumped hydrologic abstractions | p. 142 |
Water storage | p. 152 |
Soil moisture | p. 152 |
Urban groundwater | p. 152 |
Interflow and groundwater flow | p. 162 |
Stormwater runoff | p. 162 |
Natural drainage: urban streams, rivers and lakes | p. 172 |
Needs for urban water infrastructure | p. 183 Urban wa |
Demands on water services in urban areas | p. 193 |
Water supply | p. 213 |
Overview of situation in developing countries | p. 233 |
Middle East and North Africa (MENA) | p. 233 |
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) | p. 243 |
East, South and South-East Asia (ESSA) | p. 243 |
Historical development | p. 243 |
Water demand | p. 253 |
Water supply standards: quantity | p. 273 |
Water supply standards: quality | p. 283 |
Water supply sources | p. 293 |
Conjunctive use of sources and artificial recharge | p. 303 |
Supplementary sources of water | p. 303 |
Water shortage | p. 323 |
Example of improving the water supply in the Tehran Metropolitan Area | p. 323 |
Drinking water treatment | p. 333 |
Emerging technologies | p. 333 |
Desalination | p. 333 |
Disinfection | p. 353 |
Water distribution systems | p. 363 |
Drinking water supplies in developing countries | p. 363 |
Urban drainage | p. 373 |
Flooding in urban areas | p. 393 |
Local (pluvial) flooding | p. 403 |
Urban (fluvial) floods | p. 413 |
Stormwater | p. 423 |
Stormwater characterization | p. 443 |
Stormwater management | p. 453 |
Special considerations for drainage in cold climates | p. 483 |
Combined sewer overflows | p. 483 |
CSO characterization | p. 483 |
CSO control and treatment | p. 493 |
Wastewater and sanitation | p. 503 |
Problem definition | p. 503 |
Technological development | p. 523 |
Ecological sanitation | p. 533 |
Basic demands on wastewater management systems | p. 543 |
Wastewater characterization | p. 553 |
Wastewater systems without separation of wastewaters at the source | p. 563 |
Centralized systems | p. 563 |
Distributed (local) systems | p. 573 |
Systems with separation of wastewaters at the source | p. 583 |
Wastewater treatment technologies for developing countries | p. 593 |
Case study of water pollution control in the Tehran Metropolitan Area | p. 603.4.10 Wat |
NEWater in Singapore | p. 623 |
Shinjuku water recycling centre, Tokyo, Japan | p. 623. |
Wetlands with fish production in Calcutta, India | p. 633 |
Reuse of (untreated) sewage for agricultural irrigation in the Mezquital Valley (Mexico City sewage disposal) | p. 633. |
Reuse of stormwater and greywater in Sydney, Australia | p. 643 |
Closing observations on wastewater management in developing countries | p. 644 Impacts |
Overview | p. 674 |
General characterization of urbanization effects | p. 684 |
Increased ground imperviousness | p. 684 |
Changes in runoff conveyance networks | p. 694 |
Construction of runoff conveyance networks | p. 704 |
Canalization of urban streams and rivers | p. 704 |
Interfering transport infrastructures | p. 714 |
Increased water consumption | p. 714 |
Timescales of urbanization effects | p. 724 |
Types of receiving waters and spatial scales | p. 724 |
Urbanization effects on the atmosphere | p. 734 |
Thermal effects (urban heat island phenomenon) | p. 744 |
Urban air pollution | p. 744 |
Combined impacts | p. 754 |
Urbanization effects on surface waters | p. 754 |
Physical effects | p. 764 |
Urbanization effects on flows | p. 764 |
Urbanization effects on sediment regime: erosion and siltation | p. 764 |
Modification of the thermal regime of receiving waters | p. 774 |
Density stratification of receiving water bodies | p. 774 |
Combined physical effects | p. 784 |
Chemical effects | p. 794 |
Dissolved oxygen reduction | p. 794 |
Nutrien | |
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