Useful Quasicrystals,9789810232542

Useful Quasicrystals

by
ISBN13: 9789810232542
ISBN10: 9810232543
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2005-06-15
Publisher(s): World Scientific Pub Co Inc
List Price: $171.00

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Summary

The aim of this book is to acquaint the reader with what the authors regard as the most basic characteristics of quasicrystals -- structure, formation and stability, and properties -- in relationship with the applications of quasicrystalline materials.

Quasicrystals are fascinating substances that form a family of specific structures with strange physical, chemical and mechanical properties as compared to those of metallic alloys. This, on the one hand, requires a generalization of the crystallographic description of solids and is still stimulating intensive research to understand the most basic properties of quasicrystals. On the other hand, these properties open the way to technological applications, demonstrated or potential, mostly regarding energy savings.

This valuable book discusses those various facets of quasicrystals in six chapters, ending with the authors' own interpretation of the properties with respect to their unique structure.

Table of Contents

Foreword The Golden Mean and the Kitchen vii
General References xiii
Chapter 1 What to Know to Start with 1(68)
1 Introduction
1(4)
2 Classical and Non-Classical Crystals
5(12)
3 The Reciprocal Space
17(6)
4 The Search for Enhanced Mechanical Properties
23(7)
5 The Birth of a Monster
30(5)
6 The Quarrel of Ancients and Moderns
35(6)
7 The World of Quasicrystals
41(8)
8 Recovering the Periodicity
49(6)
9 Organised Disorder: the Phasons
55(4)
10 From Tilings to Coverings
59(4)
References
63(6)
Chapter 2 Strange Physical Properties 69(98)
1 Introduction
69(1)
2 Basics of Metal Physics, in Very Simple Words
70(13)
2.1 Electron Transport in Metallic Crystals
70(3)
2.2 Electron Bands
73(6)
2.3 The Hume-Rothery Rules in Crystals
79(4)
3 Electronic Transport in Quasicrystals
83(32)
3.1 Phenomenological Data
83(8)
3.2 An Insulator Made of Metals
91(3)
3.3 Quantum Interference Effects
94(1)
3.4 Variable Range Hopping
95(3)
3.5 Hierarchical Recurrent Localization
98(10)
3.6 Optical Properties
108(2)
3.7 Another Step Towards a Model of Electronic Conductivity
110(5)
4 Electron Densities of States
115(22)
4.1 Pseudogap and Relevant Experimental Information
116(9)
4.2 The Hume-Rothery Gap in Related Crystals
125(3)
4.3 Surface Electronic States
128(2)
4.4 A Bit More about d-states and the Role of Transition Metals
130(3)
4.5 Enhanced Stability of Quasicrystals and Approximants
133(4)
5 Lattice Dynamics and Thermal Conductivity
137(17)
5.1 Lattice Vibrations in Icosahedral Mono-Domain Samples
139(3)
5.2 Heat Conduction
142(4)
5.3 Structural Scattering of Phonons
146(6)
5.4 Electronic Contribution to Heat Transport
152(2)
6 Magnetism
154(5)
References
159(8)
Chapter 3 When Atoms Move Away 167(78)
1 Introduction
167(2)
2 Brittle Intermetallics that End into Chewing-Gum
169(29)
2.1 Hardness, Brittleness and Low Friction
171(13)
2.2 Plastic Behaviour at Elevated Temperature
184(3)
2.3 The Role of Dislocations
187(6)
2.4 Behind Dislocations, Cluster Friction
193(5)
3 Non-Conventional Surfaces
198(11)
3.1 Rough and Flat Surfaces
198(9)
3.2 Static Friction on Clean Surfaces
207(2)
4 Oxidation Behaviour
209(7)
4.1 Dependence on Oxidizing Environment
209(4)
4.2 Kinetics and Temperature Dependence
213(3)
5 Atomic Mobility
216(22)
5.1 Atomic Transport in Normal Crystals
216(3)
5.2 Diffusion in Icosahedral Quasicrystals
219(8)
5.3 Phason Assisted Diffusion
227(7)
5.4 Atomic Jumps
234(4)
References
238(7)
Chapter 4 Preparation and Mass Production 245(116)
1 Introduction
245(2)
2 Phase Selection
247(4)
3 The Multitude of Approximants
251(7)
3.1 Crystals and Approximants in the Al-Cu-Fe-Cr System
252(2)
3.2 B2-Based Approximants in Relation to Quasicrystals
254(4)
4 Phase Diagrams
258(6)
4.1 Growth from the Liquid State
259(1)
4.2 Equilibrium Phase-Diagram Data
260(4)
5 Phase Transformations
264(21)
5.1 Order-Disorder Transitions
267(4)
5.2 Phason-Driven Transitions
271(4)
5.3 Pressure-Induced Transitions
275(6)
5.4 Surface Transformations
281(4)
6 Preparation in the Laboratory
285(20)
6.1 Out-of-Equilibrium Methods
286(7)
6.2 Mono-Domain Samples
293(5)
6.3 The Nightmare of Growing a Stable Quasicrystal
298(4)
6.4 Sintering
302(3)
7 The Thick Coatings Route
305(31)
7.1 Thermal Spraying versus Magnetron Sputtering Techniques
305(11)
7.2 Processing of Atomized Powders
316(8)
7.3 Polishing and Surface Preparation
324(4)
7.4 Phase Stability of Quasicrystalline Coatings in Agressive Media
328(8)
8 Thin Films and Nanosized Precipitates
336(13)
8.1 Multilayers or Vapour Deposited Films
337(5)
8.2 New Data from Kinetics of Growth
342(4)
8.3 Nanosized Precipitates in Selected Metallic Alloys
346(3)
References
349(12)
Chapter 5 The Rise of a Dream 361(98)
1 Introduction
361(1)
2 Smart Surfaces
362(24)
2.1 Facts and Artifacts
362(10)
2.2 Wetting and Electronic Properties
372(11)
2.3 Cooking Utensils for the Future
383(3)
3 Application to Energy Savings
386(27)
3.1 Thermal Barriers
386(7)
3.2 Reducing Friction and Wear
393(9)
3.3 Friction in Vacuum and (Once More) Surface Energy
402(11)
4 Electronic Devices
413(7)
4.1 Light Absorption and Sensors
413(3)
4.2 Thermo-Power Generation
416(4)
5 Generation of a Green Energy
420(11)
5.1 Catalysis
421(3)
5.2 Hydrogen Storage
424(7)
6 High-Performance Alloys for Mechanical Applications
431(11)
6.1 New Maraging Steels and Light Alloys
431(7)
6.2 Metal and Polymer Matrix Composites
438(4)
7 Perspective View at Other Applications
442(6)
References
448(11)
Conclusion The Dream is Not Over Yet 459(16)
References
471(4)
Index 475

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